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What this page is: Delvantic's full research page for Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC Class A (PSNY) — AI-driven forensic equity research: mechanical valuation models (DCF, EPV, anchored-PE, scenario) plus three independent AI lenses (Quality / Value / Sentiment). Everything below is rendered server-side; you are not missing content that requires JavaScript. All scores are predictions and research opinions, not financial advice.

Page map (sections in order; each card carries a stable reference-name attribute you can cite):

  • profile-header / price-overview — company profile, live quote, market cap
  • extended-analysisthe core: three AI lens reads with findings, scores, and the analyst memo
  • future-predictions — our forward price-band predictions
  • market-narrative / ai-findings / gpt-critique — narrative context, cross-model findings, and an adversarial critique of our own analysis (near the end of the document)
  • Members-only sections (render as login gates for anonymous readers): price-history, income-trend, key-metrics, financials (statement tables), insider-trading. The analysis above is public; the raw data tables require a free account.

More for machine readers: site briefing at /llms.txt · any ticker resolves at delvantic.com/stock/TICKER · raw inputs are public-company filings and market data (via licensed data feeds); every model, score, lens read, and prediction on this page is Delvantic's own analysis.

Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC Class A

PSNY NASDAQ
Consumer Cyclical · Auto Manufacturers
Gothenburg, 405 31, Sweden polestar.com Updated Aug 13, 8:27pm
Price
$13.79
Market Cap
$2.0B
Employees
2,547
Beta
1.75
Avg Volume
140,514
CEO
Mr. Michael Lohscheller

Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC Class A American Depositary Shares represent equity interests in Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC, a premium electric vehicle manufacturer headquartered in Gothenburg, Sweden. Through these depositary shares, international investors gain economic exposure to Polestar’s underlying Class A ordinary shares without directly holding the UK-listed stock. Polestar focuses on the design, development, and production of battery electric vehicles, positioning itself in the consumer cyclical sector and the automobile manufacturing industry. Its current product portfolio includes performance-oriented models such as the Polestar 2 fast-back sedan, Polestar 3 aero SUV, Polestar 4 SUV, Polestar 5 grand-touring sedan, and Polestar 6 roadster, complemented by accessories, software-based performance upgrades, and related mobility services including vehicle leasing. The company emphasizes advanced technology and sustainability in its vehicle architecture and brand positioning, targeting the global premium EV segment. These Class A American Depositary Shares serve as a key instrument for accessing Polestar’s business, allowing investors to participate in the company’s role within the rapidly evolving electric vehicle and clean mobility markets.

Runs with full report
Earnings Schedule
Checked daily · calendar updated Aug 13
No upcoming print on the calendar yet — companies typically confirm a few weeks ahead. Last print was Jul 1, 2026.
EPS surprise history — vs analyst consensus · 5 prints of vendor history
+3.4%
Oct '25
+2.4%
Nov '25
+5.3%
Mar '26
-0.3%
May '26
+7.9%
Jul '26
Print date EPS est. EPS actual Revenue est. Revenue actual
Jul 1, 2026 $1.91 $2.06 +7.9%
May 27, 2026 $2.91 $2.90 -0.3%
Mar 13, 2026 $1.51 $1.59 +5.3%
Nov 20, 2025 $2.91 $2.98 +2.4%
Oct 31, 2025 $1.77 $1.83 +3.4%

Green = beat the estimate, red = missed. An earnings print is the fastest way a thesis changes — our designations should be re-read after each one.

Recent SEC Filings
Filed Form Document
Aug 13, 2026 SCHEDULE 13G/A View
Aug 6, 2026 SCHEDULE 13G/A View
Aug 6, 2026 SCHEDULE 13G View
Jul 9, 2026 6-K View
Jul 6, 2026 4 View
Jul 2, 2026 4 View
Jul 2, 2026 4 View
Jul 2, 2026 4 View
Jul 2, 2026 SCHEDULE 13D/A View
Jul 1, 2026 4 View
Jul 1, 2026 4 View
Jul 1, 2026 4 View

Filings link to the SEC’s EDGAR system. Annual/quarterly reports (10-K, 10-Q, 20-F) carry the full story; 8-K/6-K current reports are the fastest signal that something material happened.

Price Overview
Last updated: Aug 14, 2026 8:41am (just now)
Current data · timestamped when a report runs
$13.79
Change · Aug 14
+0.07 (+0.51%)
Day Range
$13.68 – $13.94
52-Week Range
$11.75 – $42.60
50-Day MA
$17.12
200-Day MA
$18.40
Volume
46,912.00
Share Structure
Outstanding 143,907,518.00
Float 24,316,570.00
Free Float 16.9%
Low free float — 16.9% of shares trade freely, ~83.1% held by insiders/institutions
Below average liquidity. Large orders can move the price significantly. Insiders or strategic holders control the majority — watch for lockup expirations or secondary offerings.
Price History (1 Year)
Last updated: Aug 14, 2026 8:41am (just now)
Revenue & Net Income Trend
The directional story — useful even when net income is negative.
Last updated: Aug 7, 2026 1:49pm (6d ago)
Why there are no quarterly figures for Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC Class A

This company does not file structured financial statements with the U.S. SEC, so quarterly figures aren't available from our filings-based data engine. Annual figures shown here come from the sources that do cover it.

Revenue
The top line — total sales before any costs or taxes are subtracted. A measure of how much business the company is doing.
Net Income
The bottom line — profit left after subtracting all expenses, interest, and taxes from revenue. Reflects accounting profitability, but includes non-cash items like depreciation, so it isn't the same as cash earned.
Operating Cash Flow
The real cash generated by the day-to-day business — selling products, paying suppliers, collecting from customers. Calculated from net income by adding back non-cash items and adjusting for timing (unpaid bills, unsold inventory). When OCF consistently lags net income, the reported profit may not be converting to real money.
Period Revenue Net Income Net Margin YoY/QoQ
Key Metrics
TD Twelve Data statement HEX SEC filing
P/E Ratio (Price per dollar of earnings)
HEX
Stock Price / EPS (Diluted)
-14.22
Stock Price: $13.79
EPS (Diluted): -0.97
P/B Ratio (Price vs net asset value)
HEX
Stock Price / Book Value Per Share
Stock Price: $13.79
Total Equity: -$3.33B
Shares: 2,110,285,000
EV/EBITDA (Total value vs operating profit)
HEX
Enterprise Value / EBITDA
-17.57
Market Cap: $2.00B
Total Debt: $2.51B
Cash: $739.24M
EBITDA: -$1.76B
Enterprise Value (Takeover price (cap + debt - cash))
HEX
Market Cap + Total Debt - Cash
$30.9B
Market Cap: $2.00B
Total Debt: $2.51B
Cash: $739.24M
P/S Ratio (Price per dollar of revenue)
HEX
Stock Price / Revenue Per Share
14.31
Stock Price: $13.79
Revenue: $2.03B
Shares: 2,110,285,000
EV/Sales (Total value vs revenue — works when P/E can't)
CALC
15.18
Gross Margin (Revenue left after direct costs)
HEX
Gross Profit / Revenue
-43.1%
Gross Profit: -$876.17M
Revenue: $2.03B
Operating Margin (Revenue left after all operations)
HEX
Operating Income / Revenue
-89.1%
Operating Income: -$1.81B
Revenue: $2.03B
Net Margin (Revenue left as actual profit)
HEX
Net Income / Revenue
-100.8%
Net Income: -$2.05B
Revenue: $2.03B
ROE (Profit from shareholder equity)
HEX
Net Income / Total Equity
Net Income: -$2.05B
Total Equity: -$3.33B
ROIC (Profit from all invested capital)
HEX
NOPAT / Invested Capital
Operating Income: -$1.81B
Tax Rate: 0.4%
Equity: -$3.33B
Total Debt: $2.51B
Cash: $739.24M
Current Ratio (Can it pay short-term bills)
HEX
Current Assets / Current Liabilities
0.48
Current Assets: $2.30B
Current Liabilities: $4.74B
Debt/Equity (Leverage — debt vs equity)
HEX
Total Debt / Total Equity
Short-Term Debt: $2.51B
Long-Term Debt: $0.00
Total Debt: $2.51B
Total Equity: -$3.33B
Rev/Share (Top-line per share)
HEX
Revenue / Shares Outstanding
$0.96
Revenue: $2.03B
Shares: 2,110,285,000
Book Value/Share (Net assets per share)
HEX
(Total Assets - Total Liabilities) / Shares
Total Equity: -$3.33B
Shares: 2,110,285,000
FCF/Share (Real cash generated per share)
HEX
(Operating Cash Flow + CapEx) / Shares
$-0.54
Operating CF: -$991.21M
CapEx: -$147.89M
Shares: 2,110,285,000
CapEx is negative (outflow) — added to OCF to get FCF
Div Yield (Annual income from holding)
TD
Last Annual Dividend / Stock Price
Last Dividend: $0.00
Stock Price: $13.79
Payout Ratio (Earnings paid out as dividends)
HEX
Dividends Paid / Net Income
Dividends Paid: N/A
Net Income: -$2.05B
Dividends paid not available in cash flow statement
Income Statement (Annual)
Last updated: Aug 7, 2026 1:49pm (6d ago)
Metric 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
Revenue $610.2M $1.3B $2.5B $2.4B $2.0B
Cost of Revenue $553.7M $1.3B $2.3B $2.8B $2.9B
Gross Profit $56.5M $11.1M $119.4M -$410.1M -$876.2M
Operating Expenses $440.5M $971.7M $1.4B $1.1B $937.1M
Operating Income -$384.0M -$960.6M -$1.3B -$1.5B -$1.8B
Net Income -$484.9M -$969.8M -$465.8M -$1.2B -$2.0B
EBITDA -$167.9M -$749.1M -$1.1B -$1.4B -$1.8B
EPS $-0.29 $-0.51 $-0.23 $-0.56 $-0.97
EPS (Diluted) $-0.29 $-0.51 $-0.23 $-0.56 $-0.97
Balance Sheet (Annual)
Last updated: Aug 7, 2026 1:49pm (6d ago)
Metric 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
Cash & Equivalents $316.4M $756.7M $973.9M $768.3M $739.2M
Total Current Assets $1.6B $2.2B $2.3B $2.3B
Total Assets $3.3B $3.9B $4.3B $4.1B
Current Liabilities $3.0B $3.3B $3.6B $4.7B
Long-Term Debt
Total Liabilities $3.2B $4.1B $5.5B $7.4B
Total Equity -$603.2M $122.5M -$133.6M -$1.3B -$3.3B
Retained Earnings -$1.8B -$3.7B
Cash Flow (Annual)
Last updated: Aug 7, 2026 1:49pm (6d ago)
Metric 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
Operating Cash Flow -$57.1M -$324.1M -$1.1B -$1.9B -$991.2M
Capital Expenditure -$49.6M -$24.7M -$32.3M -$137.4M -$147.9M
Free Cash Flow -$106.6M -$348.8M -$1.1B -$2.0B -$1.1B
Acquisitions (net)
Net Debt Issued / (Repaid) -$1.4B -$2.6B -$2.9B
Dividends Paid
Stock Buybacks
Net Change in Cash $80.2M $440.3M $217.2M -$205.6M -$29.0M
Growth Trends (YoY %)
Last updated: Aug 7, 2026 1:49pm (6d ago)
Metric 2021 2022 2023 2024
Revenue Growth +120.2% +83.2% -3.8% -14.1%
Gross Profit Growth -80.4% +980.3% -443.4% -113.6%
Operating Income Growth -150.2% -33.9% -14.2% -23.4%
Net Income Growth -100.0% +52.0% -153.7% -73.4%
EBITDA Growth -346.2% -50.6% -20.0% -29.8%
Insider Trading (Recent)
Type codes PPurchase SSale AAward / grant MOption exercise FIn-kind (tax) CConversion GGift DReturn to issuer
All SEC Form 4 codes
Open market
P Purchase
Open-market or private purchase of shares.
S Sale
Open-market or private sale of shares.
Compensation (Rule 16b-3)
A Award / grant
Grant or award of securities (RSUs, options, etc.) under Rule 16b-3.
D Return to issuer
Securities disposed back to the company under Rule 16b-3.
F In-kind (tax)
Shares withheld or delivered to pay the option-exercise price or tax — not an open-market sale.
I Discretionary
Discretionary transaction under an employee plan — Rule 16b-3(f).
M Option exercise
Exercise or conversion of a derivative (option/RSU) into shares — exempt.
Derivatives
C Conversion
Conversion of a derivative security into the underlying shares.
E Short expiration
Expiration of a short derivative position.
H Long expiration
Expiration or cancellation of a long derivative position with value received.
O OTM exercise
Exercise of an out-of-the-money derivative.
X ITM exercise
Exercise of an in-the-money or at-the-money derivative.
Other exempt
G Gift
Bona fide gift of securities.
L Small acquisition
Small acquisition under Rule 16a-6.
W Inheritance
Acquisition or disposition by will or the laws of descent.
Z Voting trust
Deposit into or withdrawal from a voting trust.
Other
J Other
Other acquisition or disposition (explained in a Form 4 footnote).
K Equity swap
Transaction in an equity swap or similar instrument.
U Tender / buyout
Disposition via tender of shares in a change-of-control transaction.

Compensation-plan codes (A, D, F, M) are routine and rarely directional. Open-market P (buy) and S (sale) carry the most signal.

Date Insider Type Shares Price Value
2026-07-02 Dubin Cynthia S P-Purchase 1,275.00 $20.72 $26,418
Industry Benchmarks
Compares PSNY against LLM-researched typical ranges for its industry. One research call per industry, cached indefinitely — every stock in the same industry reuses the same baseline.
Deep Analysis

Pre-flight intelligence scans the company first, then routes to the right analytical methods.

0 Company Classification — What type of company is this?
1 Industry Landscape — Where is the industry headed?
2 Company Momentum — Where is this company trending?
3 Forward Projection — 1Y & 2Y projected metrics (requires Layer 1 + 2)
4a DCF Valuation — Present value of future cash flows
4b Earnings Power Value — Floor value — worth with zero growth
4c Anchored PE — Industry PE adjusted for growth differential
4d Reverse DCF — What growth is the market pricing in?
4e Revenue-Based DCF — For growth/narrative companies (skip if mature earner)
4f Anchored P/S — Price-to-Sales peer comparison (skip if mature earner)
4g Scenario Analysis — Bull / Base / Bear (skip if mature earner)
4h Dividend Discount Model — For dividend/income stocks only
4i Book Value Analysis — For deep value / turnaround stocks only
4j Insider Activity — Are insiders buying or selling?
4f Cash Flow Quality — How trustworthy is the FCF?
4g Debt Maturity Risk — Can it handle its debt?
4h Macro Environment — Rates, market valuation, volatility
4i Sector Intelligence — How does this company compare within its sector?
4j Revenue Confidence — How reliable is the growth projection?
4k Sensitivity Analysis — How fragile is the fair value estimate?
4l Sector Demand Cycle — Is the sector in a boom, steady state, or contraction?
5 AI Investigation — Adaptive research engine (Claude)
5b Thesis Evaluation — What does the market believe? (narrative/platform stocks only)
6 Valuation Synthesis — Weighted verdict from all methods (requires Layer 4)
Narrative Economics
The story the market is telling about this stock — the intangible X-factor (founder mythology, cult dynamics, TAM-of-imagination) that moves price beyond what cash flows alone explain. After Shiller, Narrative Economics.
No narrative profile yet for PSNY — it's generated by the pipeline (market-narrative step).
Claude Reading
Claude Opus reviews the pipeline's raw data + every prior verdict, then writes an independent take.
No AI findings yet for PSNY — they're generated by the pipeline (ai-findings step) when a report is run on this ticker.
GPT Reading
GPT reads the identical raw briefing blind — one of the Big-3 independent readings — and commits to its own verdict.
No GPT reading yet for PSNY — it's generated by the pipeline (gpt-critique step) after the other Big-3 seats, when a report is run on this ticker.
Grok Reading
Grok (xAI) reads the identical raw briefing blind — one of the Big-3 independent readings — and commits to its own verdict.
No Grok reading yet for PSNY — it's generated by the pipeline (grok-critique step) alongside the other Big-3 seats, when a report is run on this ticker.
Advanced Analysis Forensic deep-dive · four lenses
A separate, manually-run forensic pipeline (dilution, earnings quality, liquidity → two scored lenses → the play). Hasn't been run for this ticker yet.
Community AI Feedback
No community reviews yet for PSNY. Be the first — hit How to Contribute, have any AI review this page, and paste its take back here.
My Notes personal — only you see this
Data via Financial Modeling Prep · Cached for performance · twelvedata
v1.1.532 · 1ec19de8 · 2026-08-13 17:53:37