Technology · Hardware, Equipment & Parts
Price
$0.48
Market Cap
$16.7M
Employees
6
Beta
0.48
Avg Volume
32,014
CEO
Joseph Harary
Business Description
Research Frontiers Incorporated (REFR) stands as a global innovator, focusing on the development and commercialization of advanced light-regulating technologies and associated devices. The company's core business revolves around its proprietary Suspended Particle Device (SPD-Smart) light-control technology, which it licenses to other businesses. These licensees then undertake the manufacturing and marketing of various components: the SPD-Smart chemical emulsion, the light-controlling film created from this emulsion, laminated light-control panels, and the necessary electronic systems to power final products that integrate the film. Additionally, Research Frontiers offers licenses for lamination services and the end-products themselves, such as dynamic windows, skylights, and sunroofs. The versatile SPD-Smart light-control technology is integrated into a diverse array of applications. This includes architectural elements like windows, sunshades, skylights, and interior partitions for both residential and commercial buildings. In the automotive sector, it's utilized in vehicle windows, sunroofs, sun-visors, sunshades, rear-view mirrors, instrument panels, and navigation systems. Beyond these, the technology enhances aircraft windows, museum display panels, specialized eyewear products, and flat panel displays for electronic goods. The company primarily caters to the architectural, automotive, marine, aerospace, and appliance industries. Research Frontiers Incorporated was established in 1965 and is based in Woodbury, New York.
Business History
Price Overview
Last updated: Jun 27, 2026 8:01am (just now)$0.48
-0.14 (-22.66%)
Day Range
$0.48 – $0.59
52-Week Range
$0.48 – $2.70
50-Day MA
$0.79
200-Day MA
$1.22
Volume
131,074.00
Share Structure
Outstanding
34,867,786.00
Float
27,190,946.00
Free Float
78.0%
Normal free float
— 78.0% of shares trade freely, ~22% held by insiders/institutions
Healthy float typical of established companies. Good liquidity for entering and exiting positions without major price impact.
Price History (1 Year)
Revenue & Net Income Trend
The directional story — useful even when net income is negative.
Revenue
The top line — total sales before any costs or taxes are subtracted. A measure of how much business the company is doing.
Net Income
The bottom line — profit left after subtracting all expenses, interest, and taxes from revenue. Reflects accounting profitability, but includes non-cash items like depreciation, so it isn't the same as cash earned.
Operating Cash Flow
The real cash generated by the day-to-day business — selling products, paying suppliers, collecting from customers. Calculated from net income by adding back non-cash items and adjusting for timing (unpaid bills, unsold inventory). When OCF consistently lags net income, the reported profit may not be converting to real money.
| Period | Revenue | Net Income | Net Margin | YoY/QoQ |
|---|
Key Metrics
API Direct from provider
CALC Derived from statements
P/E Ratio (Price per dollar of earnings)
CALCStock Price / EPS (Diluted)
-7.89
Stock Price: $0.48
EPS (Diluted): -0.06
EPS (Diluted): -0.06
P/B Ratio (Price vs net asset value)
APIStock Price / Book Value Per Share
47.21
Stock Price: $0.48
Total Equity: $933,626
Shares: 33,648,221
Total Equity: $933,626
Shares: 33,648,221
EV/EBITDA (Total value vs operating profit)
APIEnterprise Value / EBITDA
-7.50
Market Cap: $16.72M
Total Debt: $0.00
Cash: $664,299
EBITDA: -$1.86M
Total Debt: $0.00
Cash: $664,299
EBITDA: -$1.86M
Enterprise Value (Takeover price (cap + debt - cash))
APIMarket Cap + Total Debt - Cash
$44.6M
Market Cap: $16.72M
Total Debt: $0.00
Cash: $664,299
Total Debt: $0.00
Cash: $664,299
P/S Ratio (Price per dollar of revenue)
APIStock Price / Revenue Per Share
39.31
Stock Price: $0.48
Revenue: $1.12M
Shares: 33,648,221
Revenue: $1.12M
Shares: 33,648,221
EV/Sales (Total value vs revenue — works when P/E can't)
API39.76
Gross Margin (Revenue left after direct costs)
APIGross Profit / Revenue
83.4%
Gross Profit: $934,574
Revenue: $1.12M
Revenue: $1.12M
Operating Margin (Revenue left after all operations)
APIOperating Income / Revenue
-190.2%
Operating Income: -$2.13M
Revenue: $1.12M
Revenue: $1.12M
Net Margin (Revenue left as actual profit)
APINet Income / Revenue
-182.4%
Net Income: -$2.05M
Revenue: $1.12M
Revenue: $1.12M
ROE (Profit from shareholder equity)
APINet Income / Total Equity
-159.2%
Net Income: -$2.05M
Total Equity: $933,626
Total Equity: $933,626
ROIC (Profit from all invested capital)
APINOPAT / Invested Capital
-83.2%
Operating Income: -$2.13M
Tax Rate: 0.0%
Equity: $933,626
Total Debt: $0.00
Cash: $664,299
Tax Rate: 0.0%
Equity: $933,626
Total Debt: $0.00
Cash: $664,299
Zero debt — invested capital = equity minus cash (very efficient)
Current Ratio (Can it pay short-term bills)
APICurrent Assets / Current Liabilities
3.84
Current Assets: $1.14M
Current Liabilities: $297,877
Current Liabilities: $297,877
Debt/Equity (Leverage — debt vs equity)
CALCTotal Debt / Total Equity
0.00
Short-Term Debt: $0.00
Long-Term Debt: $0.00
Total Debt: $0.00
Total Equity: $933,626
Long-Term Debt: $0.00
Total Debt: $0.00
Total Equity: $933,626
Zero debt — this company carries no debt obligations. Strongest possible score.
Rev/Share (Top-line per share)
CALCRevenue / Shares Outstanding
$0.03
Revenue: $1.12M
Shares: 33,648,221
Shares: 33,648,221
Book Value/Share (Net assets per share)
CALC(Total Assets - Total Liabilities) / Shares
$0.03
Total Equity: $933,626
Shares: 33,648,221
Shares: 33,648,221
FCF/Share (Real cash generated per share)
CALC(Operating Cash Flow + CapEx) / Shares
$-0.04
Operating CF: -$1.33M
CapEx: -$726.00
Shares: 33,648,221
CapEx: -$726.00
Shares: 33,648,221
CapEx is negative (outflow) — added to OCF to get FCF
Div Yield (Annual income from holding)
APILast Annual Dividend / Stock Price
0.0%
Last Dividend: N/A
Stock Price: $0.48
Stock Price: $0.48
Payout Ratio (Earnings paid out as dividends)
Dividends Paid / Net Income
—
Dividends Paid: N/A
Net Income: -$2.05M
Net Income: -$2.05M
Dividends paid not available in cash flow statement
Industry Benchmarks
Compares REFR against LLM-researched typical ranges for its
industry. One research call per industry, cached indefinitely — every stock in the same industry
reuses the same baseline.
Deep Analysis
Pre-flight intelligence scans the company first, then routes to the right analytical methods.
0
Company Classification
— What type of company is this?
1
Industry Landscape
— Where is the industry headed?
2
Company Momentum
— Where is this company trending?
3
Forward Projection
— 1Y & 2Y projected metrics (requires Layer 1 + 2)
4a
DCF Valuation
— Present value of future cash flows
4b
Earnings Power Value
— Floor value — worth with zero growth
4c
Anchored PE
— Industry PE adjusted for growth differential
4d
Reverse DCF
— What growth is the market pricing in?
4e
Revenue-Based DCF
— For growth/narrative companies (skip if mature earner)
4f
Anchored P/S
— Price-to-Sales peer comparison (skip if mature earner)
4g
Scenario Analysis
— Bull / Base / Bear (skip if mature earner)
4h
Dividend Discount Model
— For dividend/income stocks only
4i
Book Value Analysis
— For deep value / turnaround stocks only
4j
Insider Activity
— Are insiders buying or selling?
4f
Cash Flow Quality
— How trustworthy is the FCF?
4g
Debt Maturity Risk
— Can it handle its debt?
4h
Macro Environment
— Rates, market valuation, volatility
4i
Sector Intelligence
— How does this company compare within its sector?
4j
Revenue Confidence
— How reliable is the growth projection?
4k
Sensitivity Analysis
— How fragile is the fair value estimate?
4l
Sector Demand Cycle
— Is the sector in a boom, steady state, or contraction?
5
AI Investigation
— Adaptive research engine (Claude)
5b
Thesis Evaluation
— What does the market believe? (narrative/platform stocks only)
6
Valuation Synthesis
— Weighted verdict from all methods (requires Layer 4)
Income Statement (Annual)
Last updated: Jun 27, 2026 4:27am (3h ago)| Metric | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | $1.3M | $539,686 | $909,598 | $1.3M | $1.1M |
| Cost of Revenue | $0 | $0 | $2.4M | $263,563 | $186,674 |
| Gross Profit | $1.3M | $539,686 | -$1.5M | $1.1M | $934,574 |
| Operating Expenses | $3.1M | $3.2M | $583,266 | $2.5M | $3.1M |
| Operating Income | -$1.8M | -$2.6M | -$2.0M | -$1.4M | -$2.1M |
| Net Income | -$1.8M | -$2.7M | -$1.9M | -$1.3M | -$2.0M |
| EBITDA | -$1.7M | -$2.5M | -$1.7M | -$1.0M | -$1.9M |
| EPS | $-0.06 | $-0.08 | $-0.06 | $-0.04 | $-0.06 |
| EPS (Diluted) | — | — | — | — | — |
Balance Sheet (Annual)
Last updated: Jun 27, 2026 4:27am (3h ago)| Metric | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cash & Equivalents | $269,964 | $4.2M | $2.5M | $2.0M | $664,299 |
| Total Current Assets | $3.9M | $4.9M | $3.6M | $2.7M | $1.1M |
| Total Assets | $4.5M | $5.4M | $3.9M | $4.0M | $2.3M |
| Current Liabilities | $297,936 | $301,863 | $277,431 | $269,027 | $297,877 |
| Long-Term Debt | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Total Liabilities | $762,064 | $569,586 | $332,794 | $1.4M | $1.3M |
| Total Equity | $3.8M | $4.8M | $3.5M | $2.6M | $933,626 |
| Retained Earnings | -$119.7M | -$122.4M | -$124.3M | -$125.6M | -$127.6M |
Cash Flow (Annual)
Last updated: Jun 27, 2026 4:27am (3h ago)| Metric | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operating Cash Flow | -$1.8M | -$2.2M | -$2.3M | $-788,819 | -$1.3M |
| Capital Expenditure | $-1,077 | $-1,271 | $-1,558 | $-1,623 | $-726 |
| Free Cash Flow | -$1.8M | -$2.2M | -$2.3M | $-790,442 | -$1.3M |
| Acquisitions (net) | $2.8M | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Debt Repayment | — | — | — | — | — |
| Dividends Paid | — | — | — | — | — |
| Stock Buybacks | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Net Change in Cash | -$4.5M | $4.0M | -$1.8M | $-481,772 | -$1.3M |
Analyst Estimates (Annual)
Last updated: Jun 27, 2026 4:27am (3h ago)| Metric | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue |
$1.8M $1.8M – $1.8M
|
$2.4M $2.4M – $2.4M
|
$3.2M $3.2M – $3.2M
|
$4.0M $4.0M – $4.0M
|
| EBITDA |
-$1.7M -$1.7M – -$1.7M
|
-$2.3M -$2.3M – -$2.3M
|
-$3.0M -$3.0M – -$3.0M
|
-$3.9M -$3.9M – -$3.9M
|
| Net Income |
-$2.4M -$2.4M – -$2.4M
|
-$1.3M -$1.3M – -$1.3M
|
$-336,482 $-336,482 – $-336,482
|
$672,964 $672,964 – $672,964
|
| EPS | — | — | — | — |
Growth Trends (YoY %)
Last updated: Jun 27, 2026 4:27am (3h ago)| Metric | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue Growth | -57.3% | +68.5% | +46.8% | -16.0% |
| Gross Profit Growth | -57.3% | -368.7% | +173.9% | -12.8% |
| Operating Income Growth | -42.8% | +22.5% | +29.1% | -47.9% |
| Net Income Growth | -44.6% | +28.5% | +31.3% | -56.0% |
| EBITDA Growth | -49.4% | +30.4% | +39.6% | -77.4% |
Insider Trading (Recent)
Last updated: Jun 27, 2026 4:27am (3h ago)
Type codes
PPurchase
SSale
AAward / grant
MOption exercise
FIn-kind (tax)
CConversion
GGift
DReturn to issuer
All SEC Form 4 codes
Open market
- P Purchase
- Open-market or private purchase of shares.
- S Sale
- Open-market or private sale of shares.
Compensation (Rule 16b-3)
- A Award / grant
- Grant or award of securities (RSUs, options, etc.) under Rule 16b-3.
- D Return to issuer
- Securities disposed back to the company under Rule 16b-3.
- F In-kind (tax)
- Shares withheld or delivered to pay the option-exercise price or tax — not an open-market sale.
- I Discretionary
- Discretionary transaction under an employee plan — Rule 16b-3(f).
- M Option exercise
- Exercise or conversion of a derivative (option/RSU) into shares — exempt.
Derivatives
- C Conversion
- Conversion of a derivative security into the underlying shares.
- E Short expiration
- Expiration of a short derivative position.
- H Long expiration
- Expiration or cancellation of a long derivative position with value received.
- O OTM exercise
- Exercise of an out-of-the-money derivative.
- X ITM exercise
- Exercise of an in-the-money or at-the-money derivative.
Other exempt
- G Gift
- Bona fide gift of securities.
- L Small acquisition
- Small acquisition under Rule 16a-6.
- W Inheritance
- Acquisition or disposition by will or the laws of descent.
- Z Voting trust
- Deposit into or withdrawal from a voting trust.
Other
- J Other
- Other acquisition or disposition (explained in a Form 4 footnote).
- K Equity swap
- Transaction in an equity swap or similar instrument.
- U Tender / buyout
- Disposition via tender of shares in a change-of-control transaction.
Compensation-plan codes (A, D, F, M) are routine and rarely directional. Open-market P (buy) and S (sale) carry the most signal.
| Date | Insider | Type | Shares | Price | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025-12-31 | Daigle Darryl | A-Award | 45,000.00 | $1.33 | $59,850 |
| 2025-12-31 | HARARY JOSEPH M | A-Award | 65,000.00 | $1.33 | $86,450 |
| 2025-12-31 | Kaganowicz Alexander | A-Award | 45,000.00 | $1.33 | $59,850 |
| 2024-12-31 | HARARY JOSEPH M | A-Award | 60,000.00 | $1.68 | $100,800 |
| 2024-12-31 | LAPOINTE MICHAEL R | A-Award | 6,000.00 | $1.68 | $10,080 |
| 2024-12-31 | Daigle Darryl | A-Award | 45,000.00 | $1.68 | $75,600 |
| 2024-12-31 | Kaganowicz Alexander | A-Award | 45,000.00 | $1.68 | $75,600 |
| 2024-12-31 | Peso Eyal | A-Award | 45,000.00 | $1.68 | $75,600 |
| 2024-06-14 | Kaganowicz Alexander | P-Purchase | 2,000.00 | $1.94 | $3,880 |
| 2024-06-07 | Daigle Darryl | P-Purchase | 4,300.00 | $1.74 | $7,482 |
| 2024-02-07 | Daigle Darryl | P-Purchase | 1,000.00 | $1.00 | $1,000 |
| 2023-12-31 | LAPOINTE MICHAEL R | A-Award | 6,000.00 | $1.02 | $6,120 |
| 2023-12-31 | Kaganowicz Alexander | A-Award | 45,000.00 | $1.02 | $45,900 |
| 2023-12-31 | HARARY JOSEPH M | A-Award | 60,000.00 | $1.02 | $61,200 |
| 2023-12-31 | Daigle Darryl | A-Award | 45,000.00 | $1.02 | $45,900 |
| 2023-12-31 | Peso Eyal | A-Award | 45,000.00 | $1.02 | $45,900 |
| 2023-12-11 | Daigle Darryl | P-Purchase | 7,750.00 | $0.97 | $7,518 |
| 2023-10-02 | Daigle Darryl | P-Purchase | 500.00 | $1.05 | $525 |
| 2023-09-13 | Daigle Darryl | P-Purchase | 1,600.00 | $1.35 | $2,160 |
| 2023-09-13 | Daigle Darryl | P-Purchase | 5,350.00 | $1.40 | $7,490 |
Narrative Economics
The story the market is telling about this stock — the intangible X-factor
(founder mythology, cult dynamics, TAM-of-imagination) that moves price beyond
what cash flows alone explain. After Shiller, Narrative Economics.
No narrative profile yet for REFR — it's generated by the pipeline (
market-narrative step).
No community reviews yet for REFR.
Be the first — hit How to Contribute, have any AI review this page, and paste its take back here.
My Notes
personal — only you see this
Sign in to save personal notes and rate your interest in this stock.
Data via Financial Modeling Prep · Cached for performance · fmp
v1.1.352 · d1100787 · 2026-06-26 11:39:30