Business Description
Upwork Inc., together with its subsidiaries, operates a work marketplace that connects businesses with various independent professionals and agencies in the United States, India, the Philippines, and internationally. The company's work marketplace provides access to talent with various skills across a range of categories, including sales and marketing, customer service, data science and analytics, design and creative, web, mobile, and software development. Its work marketplace also enables clients to streamline workflows, such as talent sourcing, outreach, and contracting. The company's work marketplace offers access to various functionalities for remote engagements with talent, including communication and collaboration, ability to receive talent invoices through their work marketplace, and payment protection. Its marketplace offerings include Upwork Basic, Upwork Plus, Upwork Enterprise, and Upwork Payroll, as well as managed and internet escrow agency services. The company was formerly known as Elance-oDesk, Inc. and changed its name to Upwork Inc. in May 2015. Upwork Inc. was incorporated in 2013 and is headquartered in San Francisco, California.
Business History
Generated: May 28, 2026 3:06amPrice Overview
Last updated: May 28, 2026 3:02am (17d ago)Price History (1 Year)
Revenue & Net Income Trend
| Period | Revenue | Net Income | Net Margin | YoY/QoQ |
|---|
Key Metrics
EPS (Diluted): 0.87
Total Equity: $630.32M
Shares: 139,414,000
Total Debt: $369.48M
Cash: $297.96M
EBITDA: $163.45M
Total Debt: $369.48M
Cash: $297.96M
Revenue: $787.78M
Revenue: $787.78M
Revenue: $787.78M
Total Equity: $630.32M
Tax Rate: 24.6%
Equity: $630.32M
Total Debt: $369.48M
Cash: $297.96M
Current Liabilities: $650.17M
Long-Term Debt: $9.71M
Total Debt: $369.48M
Total Equity: $630.32M
Shares: 139,414,000
Shares: 139,414,000
CapEx: -$5.79M
Shares: 139,414,000
Stock Price: $8.64
Net Income: $115.43M
Industry Benchmarks
Deep Analysis
Pre-flight intelligence scans the company first, then routes to the right analytical methods.
Income Statement (Annual)
Last updated: May 28, 2026 3:07am (17d ago)| Metric | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | $502.8M | $618.3M | $689.1M | $769.3M | $787.8M |
| Cost of Revenue | $135.5M | $160.4M | $170.5M | $174.1M | $174.8M |
| Gross Profit | $367.3M | $457.9M | $518.7M | $595.2M | $613.0M |
| Operating Expenses | $421.5M | $550.5M | $529.9M | $530.0M | $483.7M |
| Operating Income | -$54.2M | -$92.6M | -$11.3M | $65.2M | $129.3M |
| Net Income | -$56.2M | -$89.9M | $46.9M | $215.6M | $115.4M |
| EBITDA | -$40.1M | -$81.5M | $1.5M | $82.9M | $163.5M |
| EPS | $-0.44 | $-0.69 | $0.35 | $1.61 | $0.87 |
| EPS (Diluted) | — | — | — | — | — |
Balance Sheet (Annual)
Last updated: May 28, 2026 3:06am (17d ago)| Metric | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cash & Equivalents | $187.2M | $129.4M | $79.6M | $305.8M | $298.0M |
| Total Current Assets | $929.7M | $930.9M | $883.4M | $911.1M | $950.8M |
| Total Assets | $1.1B | $1.1B | $1.0B | $1.2B | $1.3B |
| Current Liabilities | $233.6M | $247.7M | $293.0M | $268.4M | $650.2M |
| Long-Term Debt | $561.3M | $564.3M | $356.1M | $357.9M | $9.7M |
| Total Liabilities | $821.5M | $831.4M | $656.5M | $636.2M | $669.3M |
| Total Equity | $259.5M | $248.9M | $381.1M | $575.4M | $630.3M |
| Retained Earnings | -$251.1M | -$340.9M | -$294.1M | -$78.5M | $36.9M |
Cash Flow (Annual)
Last updated: May 28, 2026 3:06am (17d ago)| Metric | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operating Cash Flow | $10.8M | $11.5M | $52.7M | $153.6M | $248.3M |
| Capital Expenditure | -$6.1M | -$8.7M | -$16.4M | -$14.4M | -$5.8M |
| Free Cash Flow | $4.7M | $2.8M | $36.4M | $139.1M | $242.5M |
| Acquisitions (net) | $0 | $0 | $0 | -$14.3M | -$58.4M |
| Debt Repayment | — | — | — | — | — |
| Dividends Paid | — | — | — | — | — |
| Stock Buybacks | $0 | $0 | $0 | -$100.0M | -$136.0M |
| Net Change in Cash | $119.6M | -$56.8M | $1.2M | $209.2M | -$26.7M |
Analyst Estimates (Annual)
Last updated: May 28, 2026 3:04am (17d ago)| Metric | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue |
$822.0M $801.7M – $838.8M
|
$939.0M $939.0M – $939.0M
|
$1.1B $1.1B – $1.1B
|
$1.2B $1.2B – $1.2B
|
| EBITDA |
$397.5M $387.7M – $405.6M
|
$454.1M $454.1M – $454.1M
|
$533.2M $520.1M – $544.1M
|
$582.5M $568.2M – $594.4M
|
| Net Income |
$233.9M $227.0M – $240.8M
|
$283.0M $260.1M – $305.8M
|
$368.1M $356.3M – $377.8M
|
$407.1M $394.0M – $417.9M
|
| EPS | — | — | — | — |
Growth Trends (YoY %)
Last updated: May 28, 2026 3:07am (17d ago)| Metric | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue Growth | +23.0% | +11.5% | +11.6% | +2.4% |
| Gross Profit Growth | +24.7% | +13.3% | +14.8% | +3.0% |
| Operating Income Growth | -70.8% | +87.8% | +679.1% | +98.3% |
| Net Income Growth | -59.8% | +152.2% | +359.8% | -46.5% |
| EBITDA Growth | -103.0% | +101.8% | +5,582.9% | +97.3% |
Insider Trading (Recent)
Last updated: May 28, 2026 3:07am (17d ago)All SEC Form 4 codes
- P Purchase
- Open-market or private purchase of shares.
- S Sale
- Open-market or private sale of shares.
- A Award / grant
- Grant or award of securities (RSUs, options, etc.) under Rule 16b-3.
- D Return to issuer
- Securities disposed back to the company under Rule 16b-3.
- F In-kind (tax)
- Shares withheld or delivered to pay the option-exercise price or tax — not an open-market sale.
- I Discretionary
- Discretionary transaction under an employee plan — Rule 16b-3(f).
- M Option exercise
- Exercise or conversion of a derivative (option/RSU) into shares — exempt.
- C Conversion
- Conversion of a derivative security into the underlying shares.
- E Short expiration
- Expiration of a short derivative position.
- H Long expiration
- Expiration or cancellation of a long derivative position with value received.
- O OTM exercise
- Exercise of an out-of-the-money derivative.
- X ITM exercise
- Exercise of an in-the-money or at-the-money derivative.
- G Gift
- Bona fide gift of securities.
- L Small acquisition
- Small acquisition under Rule 16a-6.
- W Inheritance
- Acquisition or disposition by will or the laws of descent.
- Z Voting trust
- Deposit into or withdrawal from a voting trust.
- J Other
- Other acquisition or disposition (explained in a Form 4 footnote).
- K Equity swap
- Transaction in an equity swap or similar instrument.
- U Tender / buyout
- Disposition via tender of shares in a change-of-control transaction.
Compensation-plan codes (A, D, F, M) are routine and rarely directional. Open-market P (buy) and S (sale) carry the most signal.
| Date | Insider | Type | Shares | Price | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-06-04 | BRAMLEY CLAIRE | A-Award | 45,146.00 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-06-04 | LISSY DAVID H | A-Award | 20,880.00 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-06-04 | LISSY DAVID H | A-Award | 45,146.00 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-06-04 | LAYTON THOMAS | A-Award | 20,880.00 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-06-04 | LAYTON THOMAS | A-Award | 6,772.00 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-06-04 | LAYTON THOMAS | A-Award | 6,207.00 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-06-04 | KELMAN GLENN | A-Award | 20,880.00 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-06-04 | KELMAN GLENN | A-Award | 6,207.00 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-06-04 | Steele Gary | A-Award | 20,880.00 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-06-04 | Steele Gary | A-Award | 6,207.00 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-06-04 | EVAN DANA L | A-Award | 20,880.00 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-06-04 | HARVEY KEVIN | A-Award | 20,880.00 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-06-04 | HARVEY KEVIN | A-Award | 6,207.00 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-06-04 | BRAMLEY CLAIRE | 0.00 | $0.00 | $0 | |
| 2026-06-04 | LISSY DAVID H | 0.00 | $0.00 | $0 | |
| 2026-05-18 | Kappus Anthony Ray | M-Exempt | 5,114.00 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-05-18 | Kappus Anthony Ray | M-Exempt | 5,114.00 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-05-18 | Kappus Anthony Ray | S-Sale | 1,905.00 | $8.66 | $16,504 |
| 2026-05-18 | Gessert Erica | M-Exempt | 8,524.00 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-05-18 | Gessert Erica | M-Exempt | 37,500.00 | $0.00 | $0 |
Narrative Economics
Delvantic AI Findings
Looking at the raw quarterly tape first: revenue has flatlined in a narrow $191-202M band for eight straight quarters, with the most recent print ($195.5M in Q1'26) actually down sequentially from $201.7M in Q3'25 and $198.4M in Q4'25. That's not deceleration — that's a ceiling. YoY growth on the most recent quarter is ~1.4% ($195.5M vs $192.7M). Meanwhile, net income quality looks real: Q1'26 NI of $31.5M on $195.5M rev is a clean 16% net margin, and the annual op margin went from -1.6% (2023) to 8.5% (2024) to 16.4% (2025) — that's genuine operating leverage on a fixed cost base, not financial engineering. The Q4'24 $147M NI is a tax-asset valuation release (DTA reversal), which is why 2024 NI > 2025 NI despite worse operating income; ignore it. FCF of $242M on a $1.07B market cap with $298M cash and no apparent debt is a ~23% FCF yield on EV of roughly $770M. That is genuinely cheap on a static basis.
Where I disagree with the synthesis's "Disconnected from Fundamentals" framing: it treats the market as irrationally pessimistic, but the market is pricing a credible thesis — that AI directly substitutes for the modal Upwork gig (copywriting, basic dev, design, translation, data entry). The bear case isn't "secular decline someday"; it's "GSV per active client is already softening and take-rate optimization is what's masking volume decay." Look at the trajectory: revenue went 23% → 11% → 2% YoY across 2022→2025. That's not a cycle, that's an asymptote. The Market Forces module calling this a "value trap achieving temporary profitability through cost optimization" is actually the sharpest read in the stack — headcount cuts and AI-driven internal productivity can drive one or two more years of margin expansion, but if the top line rolls from flat to -3%, the 10x P/E becomes 15x fast.
The contrarian-to-the-contrarian view (i.e., defending the synthesis): at 3.2x sales and 4.4x EV/FCF, you're paid to wait. Even if revenue declines 3% annually for five years, you still collect ~$1.2B of cumulative FCF against a $770M EV — the stock is a self-liquidating bond with optionality on the Uma/AI agent pivot actually working. Management's "AI is a tailwind not a headwind" pitch (agents posting jobs, hybrid human+AI workflows) is unprovable but not absurd; freelance platforms could capture AI-mediated work the same way they captured remote work. Insider activity is murky — the May 2026 cluster shows option exercises (M-Exempt) with some associated sales, which is routine vesting behavior, not a screaming red flag. The "Unusual Selling Activity" tag is overstated given we can't see net dollar amounts or % of holdings sold.
Where the data is thin: no debt figure, no equity figure, no share count trajectory (buybacks have been material — share count down ~10% over two years, which is doing real work on the per-share story). The ev_to_ebitda of 6.9x is TTM and looks roughly right, but I'd want to see SBC — for a $788M revenue platform, SBC is probably $80-100M, meaning "real" FCF is closer to $145-160M, not $242M. That shifts FCF yield from 23% to ~14% — still cheap, but not the screaming bargain the synthesis implies. This is the single biggest hole in the bullish case and none of the prior models flagged it.
Net: I partially dissent from the synthesis. The stock is cheap, but not "disconnected from fundamentals" — it's pricing a real and unfalsifiable AI-displacement risk against demonstrated FCF generation. If you SBC-adjust FCF to ~$150M and apply a 10x multiple (appropriate for a no-growth platform with terminal risk), you get $1.5B equity value plus $300M cash = $1.8B, or ~$14.50/share. That's 68% upside but requires revenue to merely stay flat, not grow. If revenue declines 5%/year, fair value collapses to $9-10. The asymmetry is favorable but not the layup the synthesis suggests. I'd take a starter position here and add aggressively only if Q2'26 shows GSV stabilization or growth.
GPT Critique
In my independent analysis of Upwork Inc., several key elements from the raw data capture my attention. The company's revenue has remained stagnant in a tight range of $191 million to $202 million over the last eight quarters, which suggests a plateau rather than the growth one might expect from a company in the staffing and employment services sector. The recent revenue figure of $195.5 million for Q1 2026 reflects a minor year-over-year increase of 1.4%, which is hardly indicative of a growth trajectory. Meanwhile, Upwork's profitability has improved significantly, with net income margins climbing from -1.6% in 2023 to 16.4% in 2025. This suggests operational efficiencies and cost management improvements, which have allowed the company to enhance its margins without a corresponding increase in top-line revenue.
I find myself partially agreeing with Claude Opus's analysis, particularly regarding the market's pessimism being somewhat justified. Opus notes that the flat revenue growth and the threat of AI substituting for the typical Upwork gig create a credible bear thesis. I concur with this view, as the deceleration from 23% to 2% revenue growth over the past few years signals potential structural challenges. However, I diverge from Opus in the interpretation of the company’s financial metrics as indicative of a value trap. While Opus views the headcount cuts and AI-driven productivity as temporary profit boosters, I believe these strategies could provide a sustained competitive edge if managed correctly, especially given the company's strong cash flow position and lack of debt, which offer it flexibility to adapt.
Where I align with Opus is on the valuation aspect. Despite the market's apparent skepticism, Upwork's valuation metrics such as a P/E ratio of around 10x and an FCF yield of 23% on EV suggest it is undervalued, especially when considering the company's balance sheet strength and cash flow robustness. I agree with Opus's assertion that even with a potential decline in revenue, the company can still offer significant returns against its current enterprise value, but I am wary of the substantial stock-based compensation (SBC) that could inflate the perceived FCF yield. Adjusting for SBC, as Opus suggests, gives a more conservative but still attractive FCF yield of approximately 14%.
A careful skeptic might argue that both Opus and I are potentially underestimating the impact of AI disruption on Upwork's business model. While the platform's cash flow is strong, the risk of AI automation eroding the demand for freelance services cannot be ignored. Additionally, the insider sales activity, although routine, could be interpreted as a lack of confidence in the stock's future prospects. The narrative that Upwork can transform AI into a tailwind rather than a headwind remains speculative without concrete evidence of such a pivot successfully materializing.