Homepage
AGING Analysis Report
May 28, 2026
17 days ago · 100% complete

Upwork Inc.

UPWK NASDAQ Categories PDF
Industrials · Staffing & Employment Services
Palo Alto, CA 95054, United States IPO 2018 upwork.com Updated May 28, 3:02am
Price
$8.64
Market Cap
$1.1B
Employees
600
Beta
1.07
Avg Volume
3,995,443
CEO
Hayden Brown
Business Description

Upwork Inc., together with its subsidiaries, operates a work marketplace that connects businesses with various independent professionals and agencies in the United States, India, the Philippines, and internationally. The company's work marketplace provides access to talent with various skills across a range of categories, including sales and marketing, customer service, data science and analytics, design and creative, web, mobile, and software development. Its work marketplace also enables clients to streamline workflows, such as talent sourcing, outreach, and contracting. The company's work marketplace offers access to various functionalities for remote engagements with talent, including communication and collaboration, ability to receive talent invoices through their work marketplace, and payment protection. Its marketplace offerings include Upwork Basic, Upwork Plus, Upwork Enterprise, and Upwork Payroll, as well as managed and internet escrow agency services. The company was formerly known as Elance-oDesk, Inc. and changed its name to Upwork Inc. in May 2015. Upwork Inc. was incorporated in 2013 and is headquartered in San Francisco, California.

Business History
Generated: May 28, 2026 3:06am
Price Overview
Last updated: May 28, 2026 3:02am (17d ago)
$8.64
+0.05 (+0.58%)
Day Range
$8.58 – $8.95
52-Week Range
$7.44 – $22.84
50-Day MA
$10.32
200-Day MA
$15.57
Volume
2,597,821.00
Analyst Price Targets
Low $9.00
Consensus $14.75
High $27.00
(45 analysts)
Share Structure
Outstanding 123,518,137.00
Float 114,580,365.00
Free Float 92.8%
High free float — 92.8% of shares trade freely, ~7.2% held by insiders/institutions
Very liquid — most shares trade freely. Low insider ownership can mean less management alignment, but makes large position sizing straightforward.
Price History (1 Year)
Last updated: May 28, 2026 3:07am (17d ago)
Revenue & Net Income Trend
The directional story — useful even when net income is negative.
Last updated: May 28, 2026 3:07am (17d ago)
Revenue
The top line — total sales before any costs or taxes are subtracted. A measure of how much business the company is doing.
Net Income
The bottom line — profit left after subtracting all expenses, interest, and taxes from revenue. Reflects accounting profitability, but includes non-cash items like depreciation, so it isn't the same as cash earned.
Operating Cash Flow
The real cash generated by the day-to-day business — selling products, paying suppliers, collecting from customers. Calculated from net income by adding back non-cash items and adjusting for timing (unpaid bills, unsold inventory). When OCF consistently lags net income, the reported profit may not be converting to real money.
Period Revenue Net Income Net Margin YoY/QoQ
Key Metrics
API Direct from provider CALC Derived from statements
Industry comparison last run: May 28, 2026 3:05am
P/E Ratio (Price per dollar of earnings)
API
Stock Price / EPS (Diluted)
10.14
Stock Price: $8.64
EPS (Diluted): 0.87
P/B Ratio (Price vs net asset value)
API
Stock Price / Book Value Per Share
4.11
Stock Price: $8.64
Total Equity: $630.32M
Shares: 139,414,000
EV/EBITDA (Total value vs operating profit)
API
Enterprise Value / EBITDA
6.88
Market Cap: $1.07B
Total Debt: $369.48M
Cash: $297.96M
EBITDA: $163.45M
Enterprise Value (Takeover price (cap + debt - cash))
API
Market Cap + Total Debt - Cash
$2.7B
Market Cap: $1.07B
Total Debt: $369.48M
Cash: $297.96M
Gross Margin (Revenue left after direct costs)
API
Gross Profit / Revenue
77.8%
Gross Profit: $613.03M
Revenue: $787.78M
Operating Margin (Revenue left after all operations)
API
Operating Income / Revenue
16.4%
Operating Income: $129.31M
Revenue: $787.78M
Net Margin (Revenue left as actual profit)
API
Net Income / Revenue
14.7%
Net Income: $115.43M
Revenue: $787.78M
ROE (Profit from shareholder equity)
API
Net Income / Total Equity
17.9%
Net Income: $115.43M
Total Equity: $630.32M
ROIC (Profit from all invested capital)
API
NOPAT / Invested Capital
9.7%
Operating Income: $129.31M
Tax Rate: 24.6%
Equity: $630.32M
Total Debt: $369.48M
Cash: $297.96M
Current Ratio (Can it pay short-term bills)
API
Current Assets / Current Liabilities
1.46
Current Assets: $950.83M
Current Liabilities: $650.17M
Debt/Equity (Leverage — debt vs equity)
CALC
Total Debt / Total Equity
0.59
Short-Term Debt: $359.77M
Long-Term Debt: $9.71M
Total Debt: $369.48M
Total Equity: $630.32M
Rev/Share (Top-line per share)
CALC
Revenue / Shares Outstanding
$5.65
Revenue: $787.78M
Shares: 139,414,000
Book Value/Share (Net assets per share)
CALC
(Total Assets - Total Liabilities) / Shares
$4.52
Total Equity: $630.32M
Shares: 139,414,000
FCF/Share (Real cash generated per share)
CALC
(Operating Cash Flow + CapEx) / Shares
$1.74
Operating CF: $248.26M
CapEx: -$5.79M
Shares: 139,414,000
CapEx is negative (outflow) — added to OCF to get FCF
Div Yield (Annual income from holding)
API
Last Annual Dividend / Stock Price
0.0%
Last Dividend: N/A
Stock Price: $8.64
Payout Ratio (Earnings paid out as dividends)
Dividends Paid / Net Income
Dividends Paid: N/A
Net Income: $115.43M
Dividends paid not available in cash flow statement
Industry Benchmarks
Last run: May 28, 2026 3:05am
Compares UPWK against LLM-researched typical ranges for its industry. One research call per industry, cached indefinitely — every stock in the same industry reuses the same baseline.
Deep Analysis
Last run: May 28, 2026 3:09:16 am

Pre-flight intelligence scans the company first, then routes to the right analytical methods.

0 Company Classification — What type of company is this?
1 Industry Landscape — Where is the industry headed?
2 Company Momentum — Where is this company trending?
3 Forward Projection — 1Y & 2Y projected metrics (requires Layer 1 + 2)
4a DCF Valuation — Present value of future cash flows
4b Earnings Power Value — Floor value — worth with zero growth
4c Anchored PE — Industry PE adjusted for growth differential
4d Reverse DCF — What growth is the market pricing in?
4e Revenue-Based DCF — For growth/narrative companies (skip if mature earner)
Not applicable for Mature Earner companies
4f Anchored P/S — Price-to-Sales peer comparison (skip if mature earner)
Not applicable for Mature Earner companies
4g Scenario Analysis — Bull / Base / Bear (skip if mature earner)
Not applicable for Mature Earner companies
4h Dividend Discount Model — For dividend/income stocks only
Not applicable for Mature Earner companies
4i Book Value Analysis — For deep value / turnaround stocks only
Not applicable for Mature Earner companies
4j Insider Activity — Are insiders buying or selling?
4f Cash Flow Quality — How trustworthy is the FCF?
4g Debt Maturity Risk — Can it handle its debt?
4h Macro Environment — Rates, market valuation, volatility
4i Sector Intelligence — How does this company compare within its sector?
4j Revenue Confidence — How reliable is the growth projection?
4k Sensitivity Analysis — How fragile is the fair value estimate?
4l Sector Demand Cycle — Is the sector in a boom, steady state, or contraction?
5 AI Investigation — Adaptive research engine (Claude)
5b Thesis Evaluation — What does the market believe? (narrative/platform stocks only)
Not applicable for Mature Earner companies
6 Valuation Synthesis — Weighted verdict from all methods (requires Layer 4)
Income Statement (Annual)
Last updated: May 28, 2026 3:07am (17d ago)
Metric 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
Revenue $502.8M $618.3M $689.1M $769.3M $787.8M
Cost of Revenue $135.5M $160.4M $170.5M $174.1M $174.8M
Gross Profit $367.3M $457.9M $518.7M $595.2M $613.0M
Operating Expenses $421.5M $550.5M $529.9M $530.0M $483.7M
Operating Income -$54.2M -$92.6M -$11.3M $65.2M $129.3M
Net Income -$56.2M -$89.9M $46.9M $215.6M $115.4M
EBITDA -$40.1M -$81.5M $1.5M $82.9M $163.5M
EPS $-0.44 $-0.69 $0.35 $1.61 $0.87
EPS (Diluted)
Balance Sheet (Annual)
Last updated: May 28, 2026 3:06am (17d ago)
Metric 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
Cash & Equivalents $187.2M $129.4M $79.6M $305.8M $298.0M
Total Current Assets $929.7M $930.9M $883.4M $911.1M $950.8M
Total Assets $1.1B $1.1B $1.0B $1.2B $1.3B
Current Liabilities $233.6M $247.7M $293.0M $268.4M $650.2M
Long-Term Debt $561.3M $564.3M $356.1M $357.9M $9.7M
Total Liabilities $821.5M $831.4M $656.5M $636.2M $669.3M
Total Equity $259.5M $248.9M $381.1M $575.4M $630.3M
Retained Earnings -$251.1M -$340.9M -$294.1M -$78.5M $36.9M
Cash Flow (Annual)
Last updated: May 28, 2026 3:06am (17d ago)
Metric 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
Operating Cash Flow $10.8M $11.5M $52.7M $153.6M $248.3M
Capital Expenditure -$6.1M -$8.7M -$16.4M -$14.4M -$5.8M
Free Cash Flow $4.7M $2.8M $36.4M $139.1M $242.5M
Acquisitions (net) $0 $0 $0 -$14.3M -$58.4M
Debt Repayment
Dividends Paid
Stock Buybacks $0 $0 $0 -$100.0M -$136.0M
Net Change in Cash $119.6M -$56.8M $1.2M $209.2M -$26.7M
Analyst Estimates (Annual)
Last updated: May 28, 2026 3:04am (17d ago)
Metric 2027 2028 2029 2030
Revenue $822.0M
$801.7M – $838.8M
$939.0M
$939.0M – $939.0M
$1.1B
$1.1B – $1.1B
$1.2B
$1.2B – $1.2B
EBITDA $397.5M
$387.7M – $405.6M
$454.1M
$454.1M – $454.1M
$533.2M
$520.1M – $544.1M
$582.5M
$568.2M – $594.4M
Net Income $233.9M
$227.0M – $240.8M
$283.0M
$260.1M – $305.8M
$368.1M
$356.3M – $377.8M
$407.1M
$394.0M – $417.9M
EPS
Growth Trends (YoY %)
Last updated: May 28, 2026 3:07am (17d ago)
Metric 2022 2023 2024 2025
Revenue Growth +23.0% +11.5% +11.6% +2.4%
Gross Profit Growth +24.7% +13.3% +14.8% +3.0%
Operating Income Growth -70.8% +87.8% +679.1% +98.3%
Net Income Growth -59.8% +152.2% +359.8% -46.5%
EBITDA Growth -103.0% +101.8% +5,582.9% +97.3%
Insider Trading (Recent)
Last updated: May 28, 2026 3:07am (17d ago)
Type codes PPurchase SSale AAward / grant MOption exercise FIn-kind (tax) CConversion GGift DReturn to issuer
All SEC Form 4 codes
Open market
P Purchase
Open-market or private purchase of shares.
S Sale
Open-market or private sale of shares.
Compensation (Rule 16b-3)
A Award / grant
Grant or award of securities (RSUs, options, etc.) under Rule 16b-3.
D Return to issuer
Securities disposed back to the company under Rule 16b-3.
F In-kind (tax)
Shares withheld or delivered to pay the option-exercise price or tax — not an open-market sale.
I Discretionary
Discretionary transaction under an employee plan — Rule 16b-3(f).
M Option exercise
Exercise or conversion of a derivative (option/RSU) into shares — exempt.
Derivatives
C Conversion
Conversion of a derivative security into the underlying shares.
E Short expiration
Expiration of a short derivative position.
H Long expiration
Expiration or cancellation of a long derivative position with value received.
O OTM exercise
Exercise of an out-of-the-money derivative.
X ITM exercise
Exercise of an in-the-money or at-the-money derivative.
Other exempt
G Gift
Bona fide gift of securities.
L Small acquisition
Small acquisition under Rule 16a-6.
W Inheritance
Acquisition or disposition by will or the laws of descent.
Z Voting trust
Deposit into or withdrawal from a voting trust.
Other
J Other
Other acquisition or disposition (explained in a Form 4 footnote).
K Equity swap
Transaction in an equity swap or similar instrument.
U Tender / buyout
Disposition via tender of shares in a change-of-control transaction.

Compensation-plan codes (A, D, F, M) are routine and rarely directional. Open-market P (buy) and S (sale) carry the most signal.

Date Insider Type Shares Price Value
2026-06-04 BRAMLEY CLAIRE A-Award 45,146.00 $0.00 $0
2026-06-04 LISSY DAVID H A-Award 20,880.00 $0.00 $0
2026-06-04 LISSY DAVID H A-Award 45,146.00 $0.00 $0
2026-06-04 LAYTON THOMAS A-Award 20,880.00 $0.00 $0
2026-06-04 LAYTON THOMAS A-Award 6,772.00 $0.00 $0
2026-06-04 LAYTON THOMAS A-Award 6,207.00 $0.00 $0
2026-06-04 KELMAN GLENN A-Award 20,880.00 $0.00 $0
2026-06-04 KELMAN GLENN A-Award 6,207.00 $0.00 $0
2026-06-04 Steele Gary A-Award 20,880.00 $0.00 $0
2026-06-04 Steele Gary A-Award 6,207.00 $0.00 $0
2026-06-04 EVAN DANA L A-Award 20,880.00 $0.00 $0
2026-06-04 HARVEY KEVIN A-Award 20,880.00 $0.00 $0
2026-06-04 HARVEY KEVIN A-Award 6,207.00 $0.00 $0
2026-06-04 BRAMLEY CLAIRE 0.00 $0.00 $0
2026-06-04 LISSY DAVID H 0.00 $0.00 $0
2026-05-18 Kappus Anthony Ray M-Exempt 5,114.00 $0.00 $0
2026-05-18 Kappus Anthony Ray M-Exempt 5,114.00 $0.00 $0
2026-05-18 Kappus Anthony Ray S-Sale 1,905.00 $8.66 $16,504
2026-05-18 Gessert Erica M-Exempt 8,524.00 $0.00 $0
2026-05-18 Gessert Erica M-Exempt 37,500.00 $0.00 $0
Narrative Economics
The story the market is telling about this stock — the intangible X-factor (founder mythology, cult dynamics, TAM-of-imagination) that moves price beyond what cash flows alone explain. After Shiller, Narrative Economics.
No narrative profile yet for UPWK.
Delvantic AI Findings
Independent analyst synthesis · Delvantic - Cairn AI · generated 2026-05-28 03:09:59
Reviews the pipeline's own verdicts
Verdict Cheap with real

Looking at the raw quarterly tape first: revenue has flatlined in a narrow $191-202M band for eight straight quarters, with the most recent print ($195.5M in Q1'26) actually down sequentially from $201.7M in Q3'25 and $198.4M in Q4'25. That's not deceleration — that's a ceiling. YoY growth on the most recent quarter is ~1.4% ($195.5M vs $192.7M). Meanwhile, net income quality looks real: Q1'26 NI of $31.5M on $195.5M rev is a clean 16% net margin, and the annual op margin went from -1.6% (2023) to 8.5% (2024) to 16.4% (2025) — that's genuine operating leverage on a fixed cost base, not financial engineering. The Q4'24 $147M NI is a tax-asset valuation release (DTA reversal), which is why 2024 NI > 2025 NI despite worse operating income; ignore it. FCF of $242M on a $1.07B market cap with $298M cash and no apparent debt is a ~23% FCF yield on EV of roughly $770M. That is genuinely cheap on a static basis.

Where I disagree with the synthesis's "Disconnected from Fundamentals" framing: it treats the market as irrationally pessimistic, but the market is pricing a credible thesis — that AI directly substitutes for the modal Upwork gig (copywriting, basic dev, design, translation, data entry). The bear case isn't "secular decline someday"; it's "GSV per active client is already softening and take-rate optimization is what's masking volume decay." Look at the trajectory: revenue went 23% → 11% → 2% YoY across 2022→2025. That's not a cycle, that's an asymptote. The Market Forces module calling this a "value trap achieving temporary profitability through cost optimization" is actually the sharpest read in the stack — headcount cuts and AI-driven internal productivity can drive one or two more years of margin expansion, but if the top line rolls from flat to -3%, the 10x P/E becomes 15x fast.

The contrarian-to-the-contrarian view (i.e., defending the synthesis): at 3.2x sales and 4.4x EV/FCF, you're paid to wait. Even if revenue declines 3% annually for five years, you still collect ~$1.2B of cumulative FCF against a $770M EV — the stock is a self-liquidating bond with optionality on the Uma/AI agent pivot actually working. Management's "AI is a tailwind not a headwind" pitch (agents posting jobs, hybrid human+AI workflows) is unprovable but not absurd; freelance platforms could capture AI-mediated work the same way they captured remote work. Insider activity is murky — the May 2026 cluster shows option exercises (M-Exempt) with some associated sales, which is routine vesting behavior, not a screaming red flag. The "Unusual Selling Activity" tag is overstated given we can't see net dollar amounts or % of holdings sold.

Where the data is thin: no debt figure, no equity figure, no share count trajectory (buybacks have been material — share count down ~10% over two years, which is doing real work on the per-share story). The ev_to_ebitda of 6.9x is TTM and looks roughly right, but I'd want to see SBC — for a $788M revenue platform, SBC is probably $80-100M, meaning "real" FCF is closer to $145-160M, not $242M. That shifts FCF yield from 23% to ~14% — still cheap, but not the screaming bargain the synthesis implies. This is the single biggest hole in the bullish case and none of the prior models flagged it.

Net: I partially dissent from the synthesis. The stock is cheap, but not "disconnected from fundamentals" — it's pricing a real and unfalsifiable AI-displacement risk against demonstrated FCF generation. If you SBC-adjust FCF to ~$150M and apply a 10x multiple (appropriate for a no-growth platform with terminal risk), you get $1.5B equity value plus $300M cash = $1.8B, or ~$14.50/share. That's 68% upside but requires revenue to merely stay flat, not grow. If revenue declines 5%/year, fair value collapses to $9-10. The asymmetry is favorable but not the layup the synthesis suggests. I'd take a starter position here and add aggressively only if Q2'26 shows GSV stabilization or growth.

GPT Critique
Second-opinion review · gpt-4o · generated 2026-05-28 03:10:10
Reviews the Opus findings above
Verdict I agree with Opus's assessment of undervaluation, but I see fair value closer to $14, given AI risks and the need for validated growth strategies.

In my independent analysis of Upwork Inc., several key elements from the raw data capture my attention. The company's revenue has remained stagnant in a tight range of $191 million to $202 million over the last eight quarters, which suggests a plateau rather than the growth one might expect from a company in the staffing and employment services sector. The recent revenue figure of $195.5 million for Q1 2026 reflects a minor year-over-year increase of 1.4%, which is hardly indicative of a growth trajectory. Meanwhile, Upwork's profitability has improved significantly, with net income margins climbing from -1.6% in 2023 to 16.4% in 2025. This suggests operational efficiencies and cost management improvements, which have allowed the company to enhance its margins without a corresponding increase in top-line revenue.

I find myself partially agreeing with Claude Opus's analysis, particularly regarding the market's pessimism being somewhat justified. Opus notes that the flat revenue growth and the threat of AI substituting for the typical Upwork gig create a credible bear thesis. I concur with this view, as the deceleration from 23% to 2% revenue growth over the past few years signals potential structural challenges. However, I diverge from Opus in the interpretation of the company’s financial metrics as indicative of a value trap. While Opus views the headcount cuts and AI-driven productivity as temporary profit boosters, I believe these strategies could provide a sustained competitive edge if managed correctly, especially given the company's strong cash flow position and lack of debt, which offer it flexibility to adapt.

Where I align with Opus is on the valuation aspect. Despite the market's apparent skepticism, Upwork's valuation metrics such as a P/E ratio of around 10x and an FCF yield of 23% on EV suggest it is undervalued, especially when considering the company's balance sheet strength and cash flow robustness. I agree with Opus's assertion that even with a potential decline in revenue, the company can still offer significant returns against its current enterprise value, but I am wary of the substantial stock-based compensation (SBC) that could inflate the perceived FCF yield. Adjusting for SBC, as Opus suggests, gives a more conservative but still attractive FCF yield of approximately 14%.

A careful skeptic might argue that both Opus and I are potentially underestimating the impact of AI disruption on Upwork's business model. While the platform's cash flow is strong, the risk of AI automation eroding the demand for freelance services cannot be ignored. Additionally, the insider sales activity, although routine, could be interpreted as a lack of confidence in the stock's future prospects. The narrative that Upwork can transform AI into a tailwind rather than a headwind remains speculative without concrete evidence of such a pivot successfully materializing.

Community AI Feedback
No community reviews yet for UPWK. Be the first — hit How to Contribute, have any AI review this page, and paste its take back here.
My Notes personal — only you see this
Data via Financial Modeling Prep · Cached for performance · fmp
v1.1.330 · 344c2a54 · 2026-06-09 20:20:16