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AGING Analysis Report
Jun 1, 2026
25 days ago · 93% complete · +4 refreshed

Applied Optoelectronics, Inc.

AAOI NASDAQ Categories PDF
Technology · Semiconductors
Sugar Land, TX 77478, United States IPO 2013 ao-inc.com Updated Jun 27, 8:03am
Price
$135.69
Market Cap
$10.9B
Employees
3,309
Beta
3.67
Avg Volume
12,925,617
CEO
Chih-Hsiang Lin
Business Description

Applied Optoelectronics, Inc. (AAOI) is a global technology firm specializing in the creation, production, and distribution of fiber-optic networking solutions. Its extensive product catalog features optical modules, a range of laser components, subassemblies, transceivers, and complete turn-key systems. The company also supplies critical infrastructure hardware such as headend, node, and distribution equipment. AAOI caters to a varied clientele, including internet data center operators, manufacturers of cable television and telecommunications equipment, and internet service providers, utilizing both direct and partner-based sales channels. Founded in 1997, Applied Optoelectronics, Inc. is headquartered in Sugar Land, Texas.

Business History
Generated: Jun 1, 2026 7:39pm
Price Overview
Last updated: Jun 27, 2026 8:03am (just now)
$135.69
-2.85 (-2.06%)
Day Range
$127.01 – $140.83
52-Week Range
$18.50 – $233.67
50-Day MA
$170.11
200-Day MA
$80.00
Volume
16,214,982.00
Analyst Price Targets
Low $160.00
Consensus $160.00
High $160.00
(12 analysts)
Share Structure
Outstanding 80,242,767.00
Float 75,922,848.00
Free Float 94.6%
High free float — 94.6% of shares trade freely, ~5.4% held by insiders/institutions
Very liquid — most shares trade freely. Low insider ownership can mean less management alignment, but makes large position sizing straightforward.
Price History (1 Year)
Last updated: Jun 27, 2026 12:14am (7h ago)
Revenue & Net Income Trend
The directional story — useful even when net income is negative.
Last updated: Jun 25, 2026 2:28am (2d ago)
Revenue
The top line — total sales before any costs or taxes are subtracted. A measure of how much business the company is doing.
Net Income
The bottom line — profit left after subtracting all expenses, interest, and taxes from revenue. Reflects accounting profitability, but includes non-cash items like depreciation, so it isn't the same as cash earned.
Operating Cash Flow
The real cash generated by the day-to-day business — selling products, paying suppliers, collecting from customers. Calculated from net income by adding back non-cash items and adjusting for timing (unpaid bills, unsold inventory). When OCF consistently lags net income, the reported profit may not be converting to real money.
Period Revenue Net Income Net Margin YoY/QoQ
Key Metrics
API Direct from provider CALC Derived from statements
Industry comparison last run: Jun 1, 2026 7:38pm
P/E Ratio (Price per dollar of earnings)
CALC
Stock Price / EPS (Diluted)
-212.02
Stock Price: $135.69
EPS (Diluted): -0.64
P/B Ratio (Price vs net asset value)
API
Stock Price / Book Value Per Share
2.86
Stock Price: $135.69
Total Equity: $733.92M
Shares: 60,184,000
EV/EBITDA (Total value vs operating profit)
API
Enterprise Value / EBITDA
-639.73
Market Cap: $10.89B
Total Debt: $167.33M
Cash: $216.04M
EBITDA: -$15.51M
Enterprise Value (Takeover price (cap + debt - cash))
API
Market Cap + Total Debt - Cash
$2.0B
Market Cap: $10.89B
Total Debt: $167.33M
Cash: $216.04M
P/S Ratio (Price per dollar of revenue)
API
Stock Price / Revenue Per Share
4.60
Stock Price: $135.69
Revenue: $455.72M
Shares: 60,184,000
EV/Sales (Total value vs revenue — works when P/E can't)
API
4.50
Gross Margin (Revenue left after direct costs)
API
Gross Profit / Revenue
30.0%
Gross Profit: $136.91M
Revenue: $455.72M
Operating Margin (Revenue left after all operations)
API
Operating Income / Revenue
-12.0%
Operating Income: -$54.60M
Revenue: $455.72M
Net Margin (Revenue left as actual profit)
API
Net Income / Revenue
-8.4%
Net Income: -$38.23M
Revenue: $455.72M
ROE (Profit from shareholder equity)
API
Net Income / Total Equity
-6.1%
Net Income: -$38.23M
Total Equity: $733.92M
ROIC (Profit from all invested capital)
API
NOPAT / Invested Capital
-3.7%
Operating Income: -$54.60M
Tax Rate: 18.1%
Equity: $733.92M
Total Debt: $167.33M
Cash: $216.04M
Current Ratio (Can it pay short-term bills)
API
Current Assets / Current Liabilities
2.63
Current Assets: $675.73M
Current Liabilities: $257.28M
Debt/Equity (Leverage — debt vs equity)
CALC
Total Debt / Total Equity
0.23
Short-Term Debt: $37.50M
Long-Term Debt: $129.83M
Total Debt: $167.33M
Total Equity: $733.92M
Rev/Share (Top-line per share)
CALC
Revenue / Shares Outstanding
$7.57
Revenue: $455.72M
Shares: 60,184,000
Book Value/Share (Net assets per share)
CALC
(Total Assets - Total Liabilities) / Shares
$12.19
Total Equity: $733.92M
Shares: 60,184,000
FCF/Share (Real cash generated per share)
CALC
(Operating Cash Flow + CapEx) / Shares
$-5.87
Operating CF: -$174.43M
CapEx: -$179.15M
Shares: 60,184,000
CapEx is negative (outflow) — added to OCF to get FCF
Div Yield (Annual income from holding)
API
Last Annual Dividend / Stock Price
0.0%
Last Dividend: N/A
Stock Price: $135.69
Payout Ratio (Earnings paid out as dividends)
Dividends Paid / Net Income
Dividends Paid: N/A
Net Income: -$38.23M
Dividends paid not available in cash flow statement
Industry Benchmarks
Last run: Jun 1, 2026 7:38pm
Compares AAOI against LLM-researched typical ranges for its industry. One research call per industry, cached indefinitely — every stock in the same industry reuses the same baseline.
Advanced Analysis Forensic deep-dive · three lenses
The "final boss" read — Opus reviews every forensic module + the full e2e analysis · 2026-06-02 15:40:34
Legacy single-score read — re-run the extended pipeline to get the two-lens split.
AAOI is priced at ~33x sales on a story stock narrative while burning $354M FCF, diluting 22%/yr, and insiders hit the bid for $73M with zero open-market buys.
-45 Avoid / Sell

The trajectory is real but ugly under the hood. Revenue did inflect from $249M (2024) to $456M (2025, +83%), and gross margin expanded to 30% — that is the bull case in two numbers. But operating margin is still -12%, net income still -$38M, and FCF collapsed from -$113M to -$354M as the company scales capex/working capital to chase the AI optics opportunity. With only $216M cash and -$354M FCF, runway is ~2.4 quarters — meaning more equity issuance is not a tail risk, it is the base case.

The dilution forensics are the loudest signal: diluted share count went 26.9M → 60.2M in four years, a 22% CAGR, and 2024→2025 alone added ~19M shares (+45%). At a $14.9B cap that share creep is destroying the per-share math even if the business executes. The insider tape confirms the read — 31 sales for $73.6M over twelve months, zero open-market buys (P codes); the recent cluster (Murry, Lin, Yeh, DeLaney) is selling into strength right after large A-Award grants, which is the textbook 'monetize the rip' pattern, not conviction. Beneish M of -0.61 (vs -1.78 threshold) is a yellow flag on earnings quality even with OCF/NI at 1.1x, and the AI pipeline's own fair value of $45–65 vs spot $202 implies the market is paying 3-4x deserved value on the synthesis model.

Altman Z of 20.65 and the still-positive net cash of $49M mean this isn't a near-term bankruptcy — it's a dilution machine with a strong story, not an insolvency. But the gap between the AI-scarcity narrative and the cash-burn reality is exactly where traps live.

Deep Analysis
Last run: Jun 1, 2026 7:42:47 pm

Pre-flight intelligence scans the company first, then routes to the right analytical methods.

0 Company Classification — What type of company is this?
1 Industry Landscape — Where is the industry headed?
2 Company Momentum — Where is this company trending?
3 Forward Projection — 1Y & 2Y projected metrics (requires Layer 1 + 2)
4a DCF Valuation — Present value of future cash flows
Not applicable for Pre Profit Growth companies
4b Earnings Power Value — Floor value — worth with zero growth
Not applicable for Pre Profit Growth companies
4c Anchored PE — Industry PE adjusted for growth differential
Not applicable for Pre Profit Growth companies
4d Reverse DCF — What growth is the market pricing in?
Not applicable for Pre Profit Growth companies
4e Revenue-Based DCF — For growth/narrative companies (skip if mature earner)
4f Anchored P/S — Price-to-Sales peer comparison (skip if mature earner)
4g Scenario Analysis — Bull / Base / Bear (skip if mature earner)
4h Dividend Discount Model — For dividend/income stocks only
Not applicable for Pre Profit Growth companies
4i Book Value Analysis — For deep value / turnaround stocks only
Not applicable for Pre Profit Growth companies
4j Insider Activity — Are insiders buying or selling?
4f Cash Flow Quality — How trustworthy is the FCF?
4g Debt Maturity Risk — Can it handle its debt?
4h Macro Environment — Rates, market valuation, volatility
4i Sector Intelligence — How does this company compare within its sector?
4j Revenue Confidence — How reliable is the growth projection?
4k Sensitivity Analysis — How fragile is the fair value estimate?
Not applicable for Pre Profit Growth companies
4l Sector Demand Cycle — Is the sector in a boom, steady state, or contraction?
5 AI Investigation — Adaptive research engine (Claude)
5b Thesis Evaluation — What does the market believe? (narrative/platform stocks only)
6 Valuation Synthesis — Weighted verdict from all methods (requires Layer 4)
Income Statement (Annual)
Last updated: Jun 25, 2026 2:28am (2d ago)
Metric 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
Revenue $211.6M $222.8M $217.6M $249.4M $455.7M
Cost of Revenue $173.9M $189.2M $158.7M $187.6M $318.8M
Gross Profit $37.7M $33.6M $58.9M $61.8M $136.9M
Operating Expenses $94.5M $92.6M $100.3M $132.7M $191.5M
Operating Income -$56.8M -$59.0M -$41.3M -$70.9M -$54.6M
Net Income -$54.2M -$66.4M -$56.0M -$186.7M -$38.2M
EBITDA -$23.2M -$36.9M -$26.2M -$159.3M -$15.5M
EPS $-2.01 $-2.38 $-1.75 $-4.50 $-0.64
EPS (Diluted)
Balance Sheet (Annual)
Last updated: Jun 25, 2026 2:28am (2d ago)
Metric 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
Cash & Equivalents $34.7M $24.7M $45.4M $67.4M $216.0M
Total Current Assets $194.1M $183.2M $172.6M $301.3M $675.7M
Total Assets $454.5M $408.3M $389.2M $547.0M $1.2B
Current Liabilities $109.0M $138.6M $93.4M $170.1M $257.3M
Long-Term Debt $83.7M $79.5M $76.2M $138.8M $129.8M
Total Liabilities $199.9M $223.6M $174.3M $317.9M $434.5M
Total Equity $254.6M $184.7M $214.9M $229.1M $733.9M
Retained Earnings -$142.7M -$209.1M -$265.1M -$451.9M -$490.1M
Cash Flow (Annual)
Last updated: Jun 25, 2026 2:28am (2d ago)
Metric 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
Operating Cash Flow -$11.6M -$14.0M -$7.9M -$69.5M -$174.4M
Capital Expenditure -$10.7M -$4.2M -$9.7M -$43.4M -$179.1M
Free Cash Flow -$22.3M -$18.3M -$17.6M -$112.9M -$353.6M
Acquisitions (net) $0 $0 $0 $0 $5,000
Debt Repayment
Dividends Paid
Stock Buybacks $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
Net Change in Cash -$9.0M -$5.5M $19.5M $24.0M $136.9M
Analyst Estimates (Annual)
Last updated: Jun 27, 2026 8:03am (just now)
Metric 2025 2026 2027 2028
Revenue $452.7M
$450.9M – $454.2M
$1.0B
$933.0M – $1.2B
$2.8B
$2.4B – $3.2B
$4.2B
$3.4B – $5.1B
EBITDA -$96.7M
-$97.0M – -$96.3M
-$222.2M
-$247.3M – -$199.3M
-$598.4M
-$687.5M – -$512.2M
-$890.0M
-$1.1B – -$719.3M
Net Income -$19.1M
-$21.1M – -$17.1M
$73.4M
$38.9M – $85.5M
$381.4M
$271.1M – $417.5M
$698.1M
$524.0M – $891.0M
EPS
Growth Trends (YoY %)
Last updated: Jun 25, 2026 2:28am (2d ago)
Metric 2022 2023 2024 2025
Revenue Growth +5.3% -2.3% +14.6% +82.8%
Gross Profit Growth -10.8% +75.2% +4.9% +121.5%
Operating Income Growth -3.9% +29.9% -71.5% +23.0%
Net Income Growth -22.6% +15.6% -233.2% +79.5%
EBITDA Growth -59.2% +29.0% -508.2% +90.3%
Insider Trading (Recent)
Type codes PPurchase SSale AAward / grant MOption exercise FIn-kind (tax) CConversion GGift DReturn to issuer
All SEC Form 4 codes
Open market
P Purchase
Open-market or private purchase of shares.
S Sale
Open-market or private sale of shares.
Compensation (Rule 16b-3)
A Award / grant
Grant or award of securities (RSUs, options, etc.) under Rule 16b-3.
D Return to issuer
Securities disposed back to the company under Rule 16b-3.
F In-kind (tax)
Shares withheld or delivered to pay the option-exercise price or tax — not an open-market sale.
I Discretionary
Discretionary transaction under an employee plan — Rule 16b-3(f).
M Option exercise
Exercise or conversion of a derivative (option/RSU) into shares — exempt.
Derivatives
C Conversion
Conversion of a derivative security into the underlying shares.
E Short expiration
Expiration of a short derivative position.
H Long expiration
Expiration or cancellation of a long derivative position with value received.
O OTM exercise
Exercise of an out-of-the-money derivative.
X ITM exercise
Exercise of an in-the-money or at-the-money derivative.
Other exempt
G Gift
Bona fide gift of securities.
L Small acquisition
Small acquisition under Rule 16a-6.
W Inheritance
Acquisition or disposition by will or the laws of descent.
Z Voting trust
Deposit into or withdrawal from a voting trust.
Other
J Other
Other acquisition or disposition (explained in a Form 4 footnote).
K Equity swap
Transaction in an equity swap or similar instrument.
U Tender / buyout
Disposition via tender of shares in a change-of-control transaction.

Compensation-plan codes (A, D, F, M) are routine and rarely directional. Open-market P (buy) and S (sale) carry the most signal.

Date Insider Type Shares Price Value
2026-06-17 Chang Hung-Lun (Fred) S-Sale 40,329.00 $170.60 $6.9M
2026-06-18 Yeh Shu-Hua (Joshua) S-Sale 6,000.00 $171.89 $1.0M
2026-06-12 Yeh Shu-Hua (Joshua) F-InKind 23,397.00 $172.78 $4.0M
2026-06-12 Yeh Shu-Hua (Joshua) S-Sale 28,826.00 $166.53 $4.8M
2026-06-12 Murry Stefan J. F-InKind 30,330.00 $172.78 $5.2M
2026-06-12 Murry Stefan J. S-Sale 33,000.00 $166.53 $5.5M
2026-06-12 Lin Chih-Hsiang (Thompson) F-InKind 86,655.00 $172.78 $15.0M
2026-06-12 Lin Chih-Hsiang (Thompson) S-Sale 59,000.00 $166.53 $9.8M
2026-06-12 Kuo David C F-InKind 19,065.00 $172.78 $3.3M
2026-06-12 Kuo David C S-Sale 29,227.00 $166.53 $4.9M
2026-06-12 Chang Hung-Lun (Fred) F-InKind 27,297.00 $172.78 $4.7M
2026-06-12 Chang Hung-Lun (Fred) S-Sale 34,000.00 $166.53 $5.7M
2026-06-09 Yeh William H A-Award 1,166.00 $0.00 $0
2026-06-10 Murry Stefan J. S-Sale 4,000.00 $171.45 $685,800
2026-06-09 Lin Che-Wei A-Award 1,166.00 $0.00 $0
2026-06-09 Flanagan Robert James A-Award 1,166.00 $0.00 $0
2026-06-09 DeLaney Cynthia A-Award 1,166.00 $0.00 $0
2026-06-09 Chen Min-Chu (Mike) A-Award 1,166.00 $0.00 $0
2026-06-09 BLACK RICHARD B A-Award 1,166.00 $0.00 $0
2026-06-04 Flanagan Robert James 0.00 $0.00 $0
Narrative Economics
The story the market is telling about this stock — the intangible X-factor (founder mythology, cult dynamics, TAM-of-imagination) that moves price beyond what cash flows alone explain. After Shiller, Narrative Economics.
No narrative profile yet for AAOI — it's generated by the pipeline (market-narrative step).
Delvantic AI Findings
Independent analyst synthesis · Delvantic - Cairn AI · generated 2026-06-01 19:43:26
Reviews the pipeline's own verdicts
Verdict Overvalued speculation on AI optical scarcity — fair value $45-65 on pl

The raw trajectory is genuinely impressive on the top line: quarterly revenue went from $43.3M in Q2'24 to $151.1M in Q1'26 — a 3.5x in seven quarters, with sequential growth of $43→$65→$100→$100→$103→$119→$134→$151M. That's not decelerating; that's a steady ~$15M/quarter step-up. The "decelerating quarterly trend" flag in Revenue Confidence looks wrong to me — sequential growth re-accelerated in the last two prints (+13% then +12.5% QoQ). Gross margin also expanded from ~25% in 2024 to ~30% TTM, consistent with mix shift toward 400G/800G datacom. But the bottom line is ugly and getting uglier in absolute dollars: Q1'26 NI of -$14.3M is worse than Q4'25's -$2.0M, and operating cash flow of -$174M with -$179M capex produced -$354M FCF on $456M of revenue in 2025. Against $216M cash and no disclosed debt figure (suspicious gap), this company has roughly 6-9 months of runway at current burn absent financing — and the equity raises that funded the capex are the most important missing data point here.

Where I depart from the prior models: the synthesis verdict of "Disconnected from Fundamentals" at 33x sales is directionally right but the framing is incomplete. At $185.67 and a $14.9B cap on ~$600M run-rate revenue (Q1'26 × 4), you're at ~25x forward sales, not 33x — still rich, but the multiple is compressing as revenue ramps. The reverse-DCF math the synthesis implies (needing 6-7x revenue and 25-30% net margins) is the bull case for AI optical pure-plays like COHR/LITE/FN, and AAOI has historically been the *worst* operator in this peer set with cyclical gross margins that have whipsawed between 15% and 30% for a decade. The Market Narrative module is the one that's most off — calling this "quiet-quality" and "fundamentals-anchored" with "minimal narrative intensity" is flatly wrong for a stock trading at 25x sales with -8% net margins. This is a pure AI-beneficiary momentum name; the narrative module appears to be pulling stale priors from pre-2024 AAOI.

The contrarian case that nobody above made strongly enough: AAOI's customer concentration is historically extreme (Microsoft and Amazon have each been >40% of revenue in different years), and the gross margin recovery to 30% is suspiciously coincident with the capex spike — they may be booking favorable absorption that reverses if the AI orders pause. The insider activity is also worse than "Unusual Selling" suggests: two J-Other transactions of 721,812 shares on the same day at ~$185 is ~$268M of stock movement per leg, dwarfing the operational cash position. Combined with A-Awards of 192K+249K shares and S-Sales, this looks like aggressive executive monetization at the top of a parabolic move, not routine 10b5-1 trickle. The balance sheet tile literally has "Total debt: —" and "Total equity: —" missing, which means I can't verify dilution or leverage — and for a company that just spent $179M on capex against $216M of cash, that's the single most important number on the page.

I dissent partially with the synthesis. "Disconnected from fundamentals" understates the operational momentum (revenue is actually delivering) but the valuation is still indefensible on any traditional metric. Fair value framework: if AAOI hits $800M revenue in 2026 (plausible at current run-rate) and eventually gets to LITE-like 8-10% net margins at maturity, peer multiples would put it at 4-6x sales, or $3.2-4.8B market cap — roughly $40-60/share, not $185. To justify $185 you need $1.5B+ revenue by 2027 *and* sustained 20%+ net margins *and* no equity dilution to fund the capex gap — three independent conditions, each maybe 40% likely, compounding to ~6% probability. The asymmetry is bad: limited upside from here if everything works, 60-70% downside if any leg fails (the stock has done this before — it traded under $5 in 2023). I'd want to see the next two prints confirm $170M+ quarterly revenue and gross margin holding 30%+ before paying anything close to current price.

GPT Critique
Second-opinion review · gpt-4o · generated 2026-06-01 19:43:36
Reviews the Opus findings above
Verdict I agree with Opus — overvalued at $185.67, with a fair value closer to $50-$70, reflecting operational risks and speculative market positioning.

Applied Optoelectronics, Inc. (AAOI) presents a fascinating, albeit high-risk, investment case within the technology sector, particularly in the semiconductor space. The revenue growth trajectory is undeniably robust, with a marked increase from $43.3M in Q2'24 to $151.1M in Q1'26. This represents more than a threefold increase over seven quarters, reflecting an 82.8% year-over-year growth in the most recent period. However, this top-line growth is overshadowed by persistent and significant net income losses, culminating in a -$14.3M net income for Q1'26. Notably, negative margins persist, with a concerning free cash flow of -$353.6M in 2025. These figures highlight a high burn rate that is unsustainable without external financing, raising alarms about future liquidity, especially given the absence of disclosed debt figures.

I concur with Opus's assertion that the stock is overvalued given the current fundamentals. They highlight the speculative nature of the market's pricing of AAOI as an "AI optical scarcity" play, suggesting a fair value range of $45-65. This aligns with the notion that the current market cap of $14.9B on $456M revenue is a speculative bet on AI infrastructure, a sentiment echoed in the Delvantic AI Findings. However, where I diverge from Opus is on the sequential revenue growth interpretation. Opus correctly points out the steady quarterly revenue increases, which contradicts the Delvantic AI's claim of a "decelerating quarterly trend." This misinterpretation by Delvantic AI undervalues the operational momentum that AAOI is currently experiencing, which could justify a more optimistic short-term outlook.

Opus accurately critiques the Delvantic AI's narrative assessment of AAOI as "quiet-quality" and "fundamentals-anchored." Given the speculative nature of the stock, driven by AI data center demands and trading at a high sales multiple, the narrative is more akin to a high-beta momentum play, lacking the stability implied by "fundamentals-anchored." Furthermore, Opus correctly highlights the risk of customer concentration with companies like Microsoft and Amazon, which can lead to significant revenue volatility if these relationships falter. The insider selling activity, including significant stock movements and awards, also suggests a lack of confidence from those within the company, a critical red flag not adequately addressed by Delvantic AI.

A careful skeptic might argue that the current AI-driven market sentiments could indeed propel AAOI to achieve the necessary growth and margin improvements. They might posit that the market's speculative nature inherently accounts for unknowns, such as undisclosed debt or equity positions, and that the company could secure additional financing to bridge its cash flow gap. However, this perspective hinges on substantial improvements in operational efficiency and sustained revenue growth, which are speculative at best given historical performance.

Community AI Feedback
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My Notes personal — only you see this
Data via Financial Modeling Prep · Cached for performance · fmp
v1.1.352 · d1100787 · 2026-06-26 11:39:30