Business Description
Applied Optoelectronics, Inc. (AAOI) is a global technology firm specializing in the creation, production, and distribution of fiber-optic networking solutions. Its extensive product catalog features optical modules, a range of laser components, subassemblies, transceivers, and complete turn-key systems. The company also supplies critical infrastructure hardware such as headend, node, and distribution equipment. AAOI caters to a varied clientele, including internet data center operators, manufacturers of cable television and telecommunications equipment, and internet service providers, utilizing both direct and partner-based sales channels. Founded in 1997, Applied Optoelectronics, Inc. is headquartered in Sugar Land, Texas.
Business History
Generated: Jun 1, 2026 7:39pmPrice Overview
Last updated: Jun 27, 2026 8:03am (just now)Price History (1 Year)
Revenue & Net Income Trend
| Period | Revenue | Net Income | Net Margin | YoY/QoQ |
|---|
Key Metrics
EPS (Diluted): -0.64
Total Equity: $733.92M
Shares: 60,184,000
Total Debt: $167.33M
Cash: $216.04M
EBITDA: -$15.51M
Total Debt: $167.33M
Cash: $216.04M
Revenue: $455.72M
Shares: 60,184,000
Revenue: $455.72M
Revenue: $455.72M
Revenue: $455.72M
Total Equity: $733.92M
Tax Rate: 18.1%
Equity: $733.92M
Total Debt: $167.33M
Cash: $216.04M
Current Liabilities: $257.28M
Long-Term Debt: $129.83M
Total Debt: $167.33M
Total Equity: $733.92M
Shares: 60,184,000
Shares: 60,184,000
CapEx: -$179.15M
Shares: 60,184,000
Stock Price: $135.69
Net Income: -$38.23M
Industry Benchmarks
Advanced Analysis Forensic deep-dive · three lenses
The trajectory is real but ugly under the hood. Revenue did inflect from $249M (2024) to $456M (2025, +83%), and gross margin expanded to 30% — that is the bull case in two numbers. But operating margin is still -12%, net income still -$38M, and FCF collapsed from -$113M to -$354M as the company scales capex/working capital to chase the AI optics opportunity. With only $216M cash and -$354M FCF, runway is ~2.4 quarters — meaning more equity issuance is not a tail risk, it is the base case.
The dilution forensics are the loudest signal: diluted share count went 26.9M → 60.2M in four years, a 22% CAGR, and 2024→2025 alone added ~19M shares (+45%). At a $14.9B cap that share creep is destroying the per-share math even if the business executes. The insider tape confirms the read — 31 sales for $73.6M over twelve months, zero open-market buys (P codes); the recent cluster (Murry, Lin, Yeh, DeLaney) is selling into strength right after large A-Award grants, which is the textbook 'monetize the rip' pattern, not conviction. Beneish M of -0.61 (vs -1.78 threshold) is a yellow flag on earnings quality even with OCF/NI at 1.1x, and the AI pipeline's own fair value of $45–65 vs spot $202 implies the market is paying 3-4x deserved value on the synthesis model.
Altman Z of 20.65 and the still-positive net cash of $49M mean this isn't a near-term bankruptcy — it's a dilution machine with a strong story, not an insolvency. But the gap between the AI-scarcity narrative and the cash-burn reality is exactly where traps live.
Deep Analysis
Pre-flight intelligence scans the company first, then routes to the right analytical methods.
Income Statement (Annual)
Last updated: Jun 25, 2026 2:28am (2d ago)| Metric | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | $211.6M | $222.8M | $217.6M | $249.4M | $455.7M |
| Cost of Revenue | $173.9M | $189.2M | $158.7M | $187.6M | $318.8M |
| Gross Profit | $37.7M | $33.6M | $58.9M | $61.8M | $136.9M |
| Operating Expenses | $94.5M | $92.6M | $100.3M | $132.7M | $191.5M |
| Operating Income | -$56.8M | -$59.0M | -$41.3M | -$70.9M | -$54.6M |
| Net Income | -$54.2M | -$66.4M | -$56.0M | -$186.7M | -$38.2M |
| EBITDA | -$23.2M | -$36.9M | -$26.2M | -$159.3M | -$15.5M |
| EPS | $-2.01 | $-2.38 | $-1.75 | $-4.50 | $-0.64 |
| EPS (Diluted) | — | — | — | — | — |
Balance Sheet (Annual)
Last updated: Jun 25, 2026 2:28am (2d ago)| Metric | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cash & Equivalents | $34.7M | $24.7M | $45.4M | $67.4M | $216.0M |
| Total Current Assets | $194.1M | $183.2M | $172.6M | $301.3M | $675.7M |
| Total Assets | $454.5M | $408.3M | $389.2M | $547.0M | $1.2B |
| Current Liabilities | $109.0M | $138.6M | $93.4M | $170.1M | $257.3M |
| Long-Term Debt | $83.7M | $79.5M | $76.2M | $138.8M | $129.8M |
| Total Liabilities | $199.9M | $223.6M | $174.3M | $317.9M | $434.5M |
| Total Equity | $254.6M | $184.7M | $214.9M | $229.1M | $733.9M |
| Retained Earnings | -$142.7M | -$209.1M | -$265.1M | -$451.9M | -$490.1M |
Cash Flow (Annual)
Last updated: Jun 25, 2026 2:28am (2d ago)| Metric | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operating Cash Flow | -$11.6M | -$14.0M | -$7.9M | -$69.5M | -$174.4M |
| Capital Expenditure | -$10.7M | -$4.2M | -$9.7M | -$43.4M | -$179.1M |
| Free Cash Flow | -$22.3M | -$18.3M | -$17.6M | -$112.9M | -$353.6M |
| Acquisitions (net) | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $5,000 |
| Debt Repayment | — | — | — | — | — |
| Dividends Paid | — | — | — | — | — |
| Stock Buybacks | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Net Change in Cash | -$9.0M | -$5.5M | $19.5M | $24.0M | $136.9M |
Analyst Estimates (Annual)
Last updated: Jun 27, 2026 8:03am (just now)| Metric | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue |
$452.7M $450.9M – $454.2M
|
$1.0B $933.0M – $1.2B
|
$2.8B $2.4B – $3.2B
|
$4.2B $3.4B – $5.1B
|
| EBITDA |
-$96.7M -$97.0M – -$96.3M
|
-$222.2M -$247.3M – -$199.3M
|
-$598.4M -$687.5M – -$512.2M
|
-$890.0M -$1.1B – -$719.3M
|
| Net Income |
-$19.1M -$21.1M – -$17.1M
|
$73.4M $38.9M – $85.5M
|
$381.4M $271.1M – $417.5M
|
$698.1M $524.0M – $891.0M
|
| EPS | — | — | — | — |
Growth Trends (YoY %)
Last updated: Jun 25, 2026 2:28am (2d ago)| Metric | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue Growth | +5.3% | -2.3% | +14.6% | +82.8% |
| Gross Profit Growth | -10.8% | +75.2% | +4.9% | +121.5% |
| Operating Income Growth | -3.9% | +29.9% | -71.5% | +23.0% |
| Net Income Growth | -22.6% | +15.6% | -233.2% | +79.5% |
| EBITDA Growth | -59.2% | +29.0% | -508.2% | +90.3% |
Insider Trading (Recent)
All SEC Form 4 codes
- P Purchase
- Open-market or private purchase of shares.
- S Sale
- Open-market or private sale of shares.
- A Award / grant
- Grant or award of securities (RSUs, options, etc.) under Rule 16b-3.
- D Return to issuer
- Securities disposed back to the company under Rule 16b-3.
- F In-kind (tax)
- Shares withheld or delivered to pay the option-exercise price or tax — not an open-market sale.
- I Discretionary
- Discretionary transaction under an employee plan — Rule 16b-3(f).
- M Option exercise
- Exercise or conversion of a derivative (option/RSU) into shares — exempt.
- C Conversion
- Conversion of a derivative security into the underlying shares.
- E Short expiration
- Expiration of a short derivative position.
- H Long expiration
- Expiration or cancellation of a long derivative position with value received.
- O OTM exercise
- Exercise of an out-of-the-money derivative.
- X ITM exercise
- Exercise of an in-the-money or at-the-money derivative.
- G Gift
- Bona fide gift of securities.
- L Small acquisition
- Small acquisition under Rule 16a-6.
- W Inheritance
- Acquisition or disposition by will or the laws of descent.
- Z Voting trust
- Deposit into or withdrawal from a voting trust.
- J Other
- Other acquisition or disposition (explained in a Form 4 footnote).
- K Equity swap
- Transaction in an equity swap or similar instrument.
- U Tender / buyout
- Disposition via tender of shares in a change-of-control transaction.
Compensation-plan codes (A, D, F, M) are routine and rarely directional. Open-market P (buy) and S (sale) carry the most signal.
| Date | Insider | Type | Shares | Price | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-06-17 | Chang Hung-Lun (Fred) | S-Sale | 40,329.00 | $170.60 | $6.9M |
| 2026-06-18 | Yeh Shu-Hua (Joshua) | S-Sale | 6,000.00 | $171.89 | $1.0M |
| 2026-06-12 | Yeh Shu-Hua (Joshua) | F-InKind | 23,397.00 | $172.78 | $4.0M |
| 2026-06-12 | Yeh Shu-Hua (Joshua) | S-Sale | 28,826.00 | $166.53 | $4.8M |
| 2026-06-12 | Murry Stefan J. | F-InKind | 30,330.00 | $172.78 | $5.2M |
| 2026-06-12 | Murry Stefan J. | S-Sale | 33,000.00 | $166.53 | $5.5M |
| 2026-06-12 | Lin Chih-Hsiang (Thompson) | F-InKind | 86,655.00 | $172.78 | $15.0M |
| 2026-06-12 | Lin Chih-Hsiang (Thompson) | S-Sale | 59,000.00 | $166.53 | $9.8M |
| 2026-06-12 | Kuo David C | F-InKind | 19,065.00 | $172.78 | $3.3M |
| 2026-06-12 | Kuo David C | S-Sale | 29,227.00 | $166.53 | $4.9M |
| 2026-06-12 | Chang Hung-Lun (Fred) | F-InKind | 27,297.00 | $172.78 | $4.7M |
| 2026-06-12 | Chang Hung-Lun (Fred) | S-Sale | 34,000.00 | $166.53 | $5.7M |
| 2026-06-09 | Yeh William H | A-Award | 1,166.00 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-06-10 | Murry Stefan J. | S-Sale | 4,000.00 | $171.45 | $685,800 |
| 2026-06-09 | Lin Che-Wei | A-Award | 1,166.00 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-06-09 | Flanagan Robert James | A-Award | 1,166.00 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-06-09 | DeLaney Cynthia | A-Award | 1,166.00 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-06-09 | Chen Min-Chu (Mike) | A-Award | 1,166.00 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-06-09 | BLACK RICHARD B | A-Award | 1,166.00 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-06-04 | Flanagan Robert James | 0.00 | $0.00 | $0 |
Narrative Economics
market-narrative step).
Delvantic AI Findings
The raw trajectory is genuinely impressive on the top line: quarterly revenue went from $43.3M in Q2'24 to $151.1M in Q1'26 — a 3.5x in seven quarters, with sequential growth of $43→$65→$100→$100→$103→$119→$134→$151M. That's not decelerating; that's a steady ~$15M/quarter step-up. The "decelerating quarterly trend" flag in Revenue Confidence looks wrong to me — sequential growth re-accelerated in the last two prints (+13% then +12.5% QoQ). Gross margin also expanded from ~25% in 2024 to ~30% TTM, consistent with mix shift toward 400G/800G datacom. But the bottom line is ugly and getting uglier in absolute dollars: Q1'26 NI of -$14.3M is worse than Q4'25's -$2.0M, and operating cash flow of -$174M with -$179M capex produced -$354M FCF on $456M of revenue in 2025. Against $216M cash and no disclosed debt figure (suspicious gap), this company has roughly 6-9 months of runway at current burn absent financing — and the equity raises that funded the capex are the most important missing data point here.
Where I depart from the prior models: the synthesis verdict of "Disconnected from Fundamentals" at 33x sales is directionally right but the framing is incomplete. At $185.67 and a $14.9B cap on ~$600M run-rate revenue (Q1'26 × 4), you're at ~25x forward sales, not 33x — still rich, but the multiple is compressing as revenue ramps. The reverse-DCF math the synthesis implies (needing 6-7x revenue and 25-30% net margins) is the bull case for AI optical pure-plays like COHR/LITE/FN, and AAOI has historically been the *worst* operator in this peer set with cyclical gross margins that have whipsawed between 15% and 30% for a decade. The Market Narrative module is the one that's most off — calling this "quiet-quality" and "fundamentals-anchored" with "minimal narrative intensity" is flatly wrong for a stock trading at 25x sales with -8% net margins. This is a pure AI-beneficiary momentum name; the narrative module appears to be pulling stale priors from pre-2024 AAOI.
The contrarian case that nobody above made strongly enough: AAOI's customer concentration is historically extreme (Microsoft and Amazon have each been >40% of revenue in different years), and the gross margin recovery to 30% is suspiciously coincident with the capex spike — they may be booking favorable absorption that reverses if the AI orders pause. The insider activity is also worse than "Unusual Selling" suggests: two J-Other transactions of 721,812 shares on the same day at ~$185 is ~$268M of stock movement per leg, dwarfing the operational cash position. Combined with A-Awards of 192K+249K shares and S-Sales, this looks like aggressive executive monetization at the top of a parabolic move, not routine 10b5-1 trickle. The balance sheet tile literally has "Total debt: —" and "Total equity: —" missing, which means I can't verify dilution or leverage — and for a company that just spent $179M on capex against $216M of cash, that's the single most important number on the page.
I dissent partially with the synthesis. "Disconnected from fundamentals" understates the operational momentum (revenue is actually delivering) but the valuation is still indefensible on any traditional metric. Fair value framework: if AAOI hits $800M revenue in 2026 (plausible at current run-rate) and eventually gets to LITE-like 8-10% net margins at maturity, peer multiples would put it at 4-6x sales, or $3.2-4.8B market cap — roughly $40-60/share, not $185. To justify $185 you need $1.5B+ revenue by 2027 *and* sustained 20%+ net margins *and* no equity dilution to fund the capex gap — three independent conditions, each maybe 40% likely, compounding to ~6% probability. The asymmetry is bad: limited upside from here if everything works, 60-70% downside if any leg fails (the stock has done this before — it traded under $5 in 2023). I'd want to see the next two prints confirm $170M+ quarterly revenue and gross margin holding 30%+ before paying anything close to current price.
GPT Critique
Applied Optoelectronics, Inc. (AAOI) presents a fascinating, albeit high-risk, investment case within the technology sector, particularly in the semiconductor space. The revenue growth trajectory is undeniably robust, with a marked increase from $43.3M in Q2'24 to $151.1M in Q1'26. This represents more than a threefold increase over seven quarters, reflecting an 82.8% year-over-year growth in the most recent period. However, this top-line growth is overshadowed by persistent and significant net income losses, culminating in a -$14.3M net income for Q1'26. Notably, negative margins persist, with a concerning free cash flow of -$353.6M in 2025. These figures highlight a high burn rate that is unsustainable without external financing, raising alarms about future liquidity, especially given the absence of disclosed debt figures.
I concur with Opus's assertion that the stock is overvalued given the current fundamentals. They highlight the speculative nature of the market's pricing of AAOI as an "AI optical scarcity" play, suggesting a fair value range of $45-65. This aligns with the notion that the current market cap of $14.9B on $456M revenue is a speculative bet on AI infrastructure, a sentiment echoed in the Delvantic AI Findings. However, where I diverge from Opus is on the sequential revenue growth interpretation. Opus correctly points out the steady quarterly revenue increases, which contradicts the Delvantic AI's claim of a "decelerating quarterly trend." This misinterpretation by Delvantic AI undervalues the operational momentum that AAOI is currently experiencing, which could justify a more optimistic short-term outlook.
Opus accurately critiques the Delvantic AI's narrative assessment of AAOI as "quiet-quality" and "fundamentals-anchored." Given the speculative nature of the stock, driven by AI data center demands and trading at a high sales multiple, the narrative is more akin to a high-beta momentum play, lacking the stability implied by "fundamentals-anchored." Furthermore, Opus correctly highlights the risk of customer concentration with companies like Microsoft and Amazon, which can lead to significant revenue volatility if these relationships falter. The insider selling activity, including significant stock movements and awards, also suggests a lack of confidence from those within the company, a critical red flag not adequately addressed by Delvantic AI.
A careful skeptic might argue that the current AI-driven market sentiments could indeed propel AAOI to achieve the necessary growth and margin improvements. They might posit that the market's speculative nature inherently accounts for unknowns, such as undisclosed debt or equity positions, and that the company could secure additional financing to bridge its cash flow gap. However, this perspective hinges on substantial improvements in operational efficiency and sustained revenue growth, which are speculative at best given historical performance.