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AGING Analysis Report
Aug 11, 2026
12 days ago · 100% complete
NOT DEPENDABLE This report predates a filing — its financial basis has been replaced.
Report generated: Aug 11, 2026 · Filing on record since: Aug 19, 2026 · 8 days after
For AI assistants & researchers — machine-readable summary of this page

What this page is: Delvantic's full research page for Intercontinental Exchange, Inc. (ICE) — AI-driven forensic equity research: mechanical valuation models (DCF, EPV, anchored-PE, scenario) plus three independent AI lenses (Quality / Value / Sentiment). Everything below is rendered server-side; you are not missing content that requires JavaScript. All scores are predictions and research opinions, not financial advice.

Our current read (analysis of 2026-08-23): Designation Watch · Gem Score -6 (−100…+100 Quality+Value blend) · Quality 69 · Value -67 · Sentiment 24 (timing only, not weighted) · Composite fair value $137.69 vs $150.54 at analysis

Page map (sections in order; each card carries a stable reference-name attribute you can cite):

  • profile-header / price-overview — company profile, live quote, market cap
  • extended-analysisthe core: three AI lens reads with findings, scores, and the analyst memo
  • future-predictions — our forward price-band predictions
  • market-narrative / ai-findings / gpt-critique — narrative context, cross-model findings, and an adversarial critique of our own analysis (near the end of the document)
  • Members-only sections (render as login gates for anonymous readers): price-history, income-trend, key-metrics, financials (statement tables), insider-trading. The analysis above is public; the raw data tables require a free account.

More for machine readers: site briefing at /llms.txt · any ticker resolves at delvantic.com/stock/TICKER · raw inputs are public-company filings and market data (via licensed data feeds); every model, score, lens read, and prediction on this page is Delvantic's own analysis.

Intercontinental Exchange, Inc.

ICE NYSE
Financial Services · Financial Data & Stock Exchanges
Atlanta, GA 30328, United States ice.com Updated Aug 11, 12:43am
Price
$150.54
Market Cap
$84.5B
Employees
12,725
Beta
0.93
Avg Volume
4,648,593
Last Dividend
$2.00
CEO
Mr. Jeffrey C. Sprecher

Intercontinental Exchange, Inc. is a diversified financial services company that provides market infrastructure, data services, and technology solutions to participants across global financial and commodity markets. The firm operates regulated marketplaces for the listing, trading, and clearing of derivatives and securities spanning commodities, interest rates, foreign exchange, equities, and exchange-traded funds, supporting price discovery, liquidity, and risk management for institutional and corporate clients. Through its Exchanges segment, Intercontinental Exchange, Inc. runs major futures and options markets and other regulated venues, while the Fixed Income and Data Services segment delivers pricing, indices, analytics, reference data, and execution services, including clearing for credit default swaps. Its Mortgage Technology segment offers an end-to-end digital workflow platform that streamlines origination, closing, servicing, and secondary-market activities in the U.S. residential mortgage lifecycle. Founded in 2000 and headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, Intercontinental Exchange, Inc. plays a central role in modern capital markets by connecting financial institutions, corporations, and government entities to mission-critical trading, clearing, data, and technology infrastructure across North America, Europe, and other key global regions.

Runs with full report Generated: Aug 11, 2026 12:52am
Price Overview
Price at report time
$150.54
as of Aug 11, 1:00am (12d ago)
Change · Aug 11
+0.24 (+0.16%)
Day Range
$149.75 – $152.38
52-Week Range
$121.79 – $187.09
50-Day MA
$140.18
200-Day MA
$154.56
Volume
1,735,391.00
Right now · live
Log in to get the live feed
Members see the real-time price and the move since this report (over 12d).
Share Structure
Outstanding 561,000,000.00
Float 537,636,272.00
Free Float 95.8%
High free float — 95.8% of shares trade freely, ~4.2% held by insiders/institutions
Very liquid — most shares trade freely. Low insider ownership can mean less management alignment, but makes large position sizing straightforward.
Price History (1 Year)
Last updated: Aug 11, 2026 1:00am (12d ago)
Revenue & Net Income Trend
The directional story — useful even when net income is negative.
Last updated: Aug 9, 2026 12:04am (14d ago)
Revenue
The top line — total sales before any costs or taxes are subtracted. A measure of how much business the company is doing.
Net Income
The bottom line — profit left after subtracting all expenses, interest, and taxes from revenue. Reflects accounting profitability, but includes non-cash items like depreciation, so it isn't the same as cash earned.
Operating Cash Flow
The real cash generated by the day-to-day business — selling products, paying suppliers, collecting from customers. Calculated from net income by adding back non-cash items and adjusting for timing (unpaid bills, unsold inventory). When OCF consistently lags net income, the reported profit may not be converting to real money.
Period Revenue Net Income Net Margin YoY/QoQ
Key Metrics
TD Twelve Data statement HEX SEC filing
Industry comparison last run: Aug 11, 2026 12:49am
P/E Ratio (Price per dollar of earnings)
HEX
Stock Price / EPS (Diluted)
26.05
Stock Price: $150.54
EPS (Diluted): 5.77
P/B Ratio (Price vs net asset value)
HEX
Stock Price / Book Value Per Share
2.98
Stock Price: $150.54
Total Equity: $28.99B
Shares: 574,523,397
EV/EBITDA (Total value vs operating profit)
HEX
Enterprise Value / EBITDA
15.46
Market Cap: $84.51B
Total Debt: $19.64B
Cash: $837.00M
EBITDA: $6.78B
Enterprise Value (Takeover price (cap + debt - cash))
HEX
Market Cap + Total Debt - Cash
$104.8B
Market Cap: $84.51B
Total Debt: $19.64B
Cash: $837.00M
Gross Margin (Revenue left after direct costs)
HEX
Gross Profit / Revenue
56.2%
Gross Profit: $7.10B
Revenue: $12.64B
Operating Margin (Revenue left after all operations)
HEX
Operating Income / Revenue
39.5%
Operating Income: $5.00B
Revenue: $12.64B
Net Margin (Revenue left as actual profit)
HEX
Net Income / Revenue
26.2%
Net Income: $3.32B
Revenue: $12.64B
ROE (Profit from shareholder equity)
HEX
Net Income / Total Equity
11.4%
Net Income: $3.32B
Total Equity: $28.99B
ROIC (Profit from all invested capital)
HEX
NOPAT / Invested Capital
8.1%
Operating Income: $5.00B
Tax Rate: 22.5%
Equity: $28.99B
Total Debt: $19.64B
Cash: $837.00M
Current Ratio (Can it pay short-term bills)
HEX
Current Assets / Current Liabilities
1.02
Current Assets: $85.78B
Current Liabilities: $84.12B
Debt/Equity (Leverage — debt vs equity)
HEX
Total Debt / Total Equity
0.68
Short-Term Debt: $1.04B
Long-Term Debt: $18.61B
Total Debt: $19.64B
Total Equity: $28.99B
Rev/Share (Top-line per share)
HEX
Revenue / Shares Outstanding
$22.00
Revenue: $12.64B
Shares: 574,523,397
Book Value/Share (Net assets per share)
HEX
(Total Assets - Total Liabilities) / Shares
$50.46
Total Equity: $28.99B
Shares: 574,523,397
FCF/Share (Real cash generated per share)
HEX
(Operating Cash Flow + CapEx) / Shares
$7.47
Operating CF: $4.66B
CapEx: -$373.00M
Shares: 574,523,397
CapEx is negative (outflow) — added to OCF to get FCF
Div Yield (Annual income from holding)
TD
Last Annual Dividend / Stock Price
1.3%
Last Dividend: $2.00
Stock Price: $150.54
Payout Ratio (Earnings paid out as dividends)
HEX
Dividends Paid / Net Income
Dividends Paid: N/A
Net Income: $3.32B
Dividends paid not available in cash flow statement
Industry Benchmarks
Last run: Aug 11, 2026 12:49am
Compares ICE against LLM-researched typical ranges for its industry. One research call per industry, cached indefinitely — every stock in the same industry reuses the same baseline.
Income Statement (Annual)
Last updated: Aug 9, 2026 12:04am (14d ago)
Metric 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
Revenue $9.2B $9.6B $9.9B $11.8B $12.6B
Cost of Revenue $4.2B $4.4B $4.2B $5.2B $5.5B
Gross Profit $5.0B $5.2B $5.7B $6.5B $7.1B
Operating Expenses $1.5B $1.5B $1.7B $2.1B $2.1B
Operating Income $3.6B $3.7B $4.0B $4.4B $5.0B
Net Income $4.1B $1.4B $2.4B $2.8B $3.3B
EBITDA $7.2B $3.5B $5.2B $6.2B $6.8B
EPS $7.22 $2.59 $4.20 $4.80 $5.79
EPS (Diluted) $7.18 $2.58 $4.19 $4.78 $5.77
Balance Sheet (Annual)
Last updated: Aug 6, 2026 6:53am (17d ago)
Metric 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
Cash & Equivalents $1.8B $899.0M $844.0M $837.0M
Total Current Assets $154.3B $156.9B $85.0B $89.1B $85.8B
Total Assets $193.5B $194.3B $136.1B $139.4B $136.9B
Current Liabilities $153.4B $149.2B $84.6B $89.6B $84.1B
Long-Term Debt $12.4B $18.1B $20.7B $17.3B $18.6B
Total Liabilities $170.8B $171.6B $110.3B $111.7B $107.9B
Total Equity $22.7B $22.8B $25.8B $27.7B $29.0B
Retained Earnings $14.4B $14.9B $16.4B $18.1B $20.3B
Cash Flow (Annual)
Last updated: Aug 6, 2026 6:53am (17d ago)
Metric 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
Operating Cash Flow $3.1B $3.6B $3.5B $4.6B $4.7B
Capital Expenditure -$179.0M -$225.0M -$190.0M -$406.0M -$373.0M
Free Cash Flow $2.9B $3.3B $3.4B $4.2B $4.3B
Acquisitions (net) -$66.0M -$59.0M -$10.2B -$38.0M -$19.0M
Net Debt Issued / (Repaid) $2.6B $11.6B $4.7B $2.3B $3.7B
Dividends Paid
Stock Buybacks -$250.0M -$632.0M $0 $0 -$1.3B
Net Change in Cash $64.4B $2.4B -$69.6B $3.8B -$5.9B
Growth Trends (YoY %)
Last updated: Aug 9, 2026 12:04am (14d ago)
Metric 2022 2023 2024 2025
Revenue Growth +5.1% +2.8% +18.8% +7.5%
Gross Profit Growth +3.7% +8.8% +15.3% +8.8%
Operating Income Growth +5.1% +6.2% +11.4% +13.3%
Net Income Growth -64.4% +63.8% +16.3% +20.4%
EBITDA Growth -50.9% +46.2% +19.1% +9.7%
Dividend History (Last 20)
Last updated: Aug 9, 2026 12:04am (14d ago)
Date Dividend Declaration Record Payment
2026-06-15 $0.52
2026-03-17 $0.52
2025-12-16 $0.48
2025-09-16 $0.48
2025-06-13 $0.48
2025-03-17 $0.48
2024-12-16 $0.45
2024-09-16 $0.45
2024-06-13 $0.45
2024-03-14 $0.45
2023-12-13 $0.42
2023-09-14 $0.42
2023-06-14 $0.42
2023-03-16 $0.42
2022-12-14 $0.38
2022-09-15 $0.38
2022-06-14 $0.38
2022-03-16 $0.38
2021-12-16 $0.33
2021-09-15 $0.33
0Company Classification 1Industry Landscape 2Company Momentum 3Forward Projection 4aDCF Valuation 4bEarnings Power Value 4cAnchored PE 4dReverse DCF 4eRevenue-Based DCF 4fAnchored P/S 4gScenario Analysis 4hDividend Discount Model 4iBook Value Analysis 4jInsider Activity 4fCash Flow Quality 4gDebt Maturity Risk 4hMacro Environment 4iSector Intelligence 4jRevenue Confidence 4kSensitivity Analysis 4lSector Demand Cycle 5AI Investigation 5bThesis Evaluation 6Valuation Synthesis
computed not applicable 18 computed · 6 not applicable
Risk : Reward — if the last quarter repeats
Live · as of 2026-08-19 08:59
0.0 : 1 recovery upside vs repeat-quarter downside
Even the bull case prices 1% below today — the ratio here measures the model-vs-market gap, not payoff odds. Another quarter like the worst recent one costs 55%. Caveat: revenue-DCF fits financials poorly (reported revenue omits net interest) — treat the legs as rough.
CaseGrowthMarginFair valuevs price ($150.54)
Bull — recovery +22% 34.6% $149.08 -1%
Base — stabilizes +15% 30.1% $105.15 -30%
Bear — keeps slipping +7% 25.6% $72.37 -52%
Stress — last quarter repeats -1% 32.3% $67.86 -55%
The next quarters keep the trajectory of the worst recent matched quarter (ending 2025-09-30) — growth stays at -0.9% and margins bend by the same profit-vs-revenue ratio (×1.07). Stress is a trajectory, not a prediction — it answers "what if the ship's current heading simply continues," which history says is the case to respect.
Why this is appearing: this company files quarterly, so its recent trajectory could be measured rather than assumed — the engine matched Jun 2026, Mar 2026 against the same quarters one year earlier and found revenue +12.1% · operating income +21.4% · net income +43.9% year-over-year. That measured heading is what the stress case extends forward. Of those, the stress case extends the worst matched quarter — the one ending Sep 30, 2025 (revenue -0.9%, operating income +6.4% YoY) — not the average. Data measured through Jun 30, 2026 — this card recalculates automatically when the next quarterly filing is ingested. Companies without quarterly filings (many foreign listings) never show this card: with no measured trajectory, there is nothing honest to repeat.
Narrative Economics
The story the market is telling about this stock — the intangible X-factor (founder mythology, cult dynamics, TAM-of-imagination) that moves price beyond what cash flows alone explain. After Shiller, Narrative Economics.
No narrative profile yet for ICE — it's generated by the pipeline (market-narrative step).
AI Lens 4th lens · how AI reaches this business · 5-yr
2026-08-11
The creme is there an opportunity here? Opportunity
ICE is priced as a mature exchange utility while its most AI-levered asset - a per-loan-billed mortgage software franchise sitting on top of the most labor-heavy workflow in finance - is where AI quietly widens margins for ICE rather than for its customers.
Position 69 with exposure only 52 understates the asymmetry: scarcity migration at 85 and responsibility transfer at 83 mean the exchange and valuation businesses are structurally immune, so the whole distribution is decided by Mortgage Technology, where entrant compression at 56 is the only real hole. The unlock is revenue per closed loan and per loan serviced rising as ICE embeds automation - that is the number to track quarter by quarter, ahead of any commentary. The kill switch is a top-25 originator publicly leaving Encompass for an AI-native stack, or Data Services organic growth breaking below 3 percent as agentic access reprices user-count licenses.
69
AI Position
Favorable - the shield holds, mortgage tech is the swing
AI cannot manufacture liquidity, clearing guarantees, or an auditable third-party mark, but it can strip enormous manual labor out of ICE's mortgage workflow software - and ICE bills per loan, not per seat, so most of that gain accrues to ICE rather than being competed away.
Exposure 52 Confidence 72 50 = neutral
Primary Tailwind

In Mortgage Technology the monetized unit is closed loans and loans under service, not headcount - so AI that collapses the cost of document review, underwriting prep and servicing exception handling raises ICE's attach and revenue per loan while cutting ICE's own delivery cost. Separately, more machine-driven trading means more contracts across ICE's per-trade and clearing rails.

Primary Pressure

The derived-analytics and desktop-delivered slice of ICE Data Services is the soft flank: AI-native vendors can build screening, attribution and research layers cheaply on licensed inputs, and if agents replace human users, per-user and per-terminal licensing terms get renegotiated downward before consumption pricing catches up.

Critical Hinge

Whether ICE converts AI into higher revenue per closed loan and per loan serviced, or merely hands lenders a cheaper cost stack while AI-native loan-origination competitors undercut Encompass. Watch Mortgage Technology recurring revenue per loan and Encompass client retention among the top-25 originators.

Hard to Reproduce

Open interest and the netting pool in ICE Clearing, benchmark administration (Brent, gilt and ICE index franchises), the evaluated-pricing archive for thinly traded fixed income, and MSP's servicing-of-record position with its GSE and investor plumbing - none of which cheap code reproduces.

Forensic fingerprint same 11 factors for every stock · 0 unfavorable · 50 neutral · 100 favorable
Underlying Need Persistence do people still need this at all? 93
Hedging, price discovery, mandatory bond valuation and mortgage origination all persist regardless of AI.
Commodity and rate risk transfer, third-party marks for NAV and regulatory reporting, and the legal act of originating and servicing a mortgage are needs created by economics and statute, not by software limitations.
Futures open interest trend · Regulatory valuation mandates unchanged · US mortgage origination unit volumes
relevance 72 · confidence 90
Solution Persistence will they still solve it this way? 79
Central-limit-order-book plus clearinghouse survives intact; the LOS and analytics form factors are the parts that can be rebuilt.
No AI substitute exists for a netted, margined, regulated clearing pool, but Encompass-style workflow UIs and data desktops are exactly the interfaces agents dissolve.
Agent-native LOS product launches · Clearing volume share vs rivals · Encompass module attach rates
relevance 78 · confidence 74
Intelligence Commoditization does cheap AI power them or copy them? 66
Cheap intelligence mostly powers ICE's workflow products but commoditizes the analytics wrapper around its data.
ICE can embed models into loan manufacturing at falling cost, yet the same cheap models let others build research and screening layers atop licensed feeds that ICE previously sold as value-add.
Data Services organic growth rate · Third-party analytics built on ICE feeds · Cost per loan processed disclosures
relevance 80 · confidence 70
Responsibility Transfer are they paid to take the blame? 83
Much of ICE's revenue is payment for assuming liability no AI system can hold.
The clearinghouse guarantees performance, benchmark administration carries regulatory accountability, and evaluated pricing exists because auditors and regulators require an independent party to stand behind the mark.
Benchmark administration authorizations · Clearing member default fund adequacy · Auditor acceptance of AI-generated marks
relevance 82 · confidence 78
Scarcity Migration do their assets get rarer or more common? 85
Liquidity, netting pools, benchmark ownership and servicing-of-record become rarer as code becomes free.
When software and analysis cost approaches zero, the residual scarce assets are network position and legal standing - precisely ICE's open interest, index franchises and MSP incumbency.
Open interest concentration at ICE · Index AUM licensed to ICE benchmarks · MSP loans under service count
relevance 86 · confidence 80
Customer DIY Preference will customers just build it themselves? 74
No one internalizes a clearinghouse or an independent valuation, but the largest lenders can and do build origination tech.
Vertically integrated mega-originators have the scale and now the cheap tooling to run proprietary loan manufacturing stacks, while mid-tier lenders still prefer outsourcing compliance-heavy plumbing.
Large originator in-house platform moves · Encompass client count by tier · Buy-side self-built pricing models
relevance 76 · confidence 70
AI Intermediation Position do AI agents go through them or around them? 75
Autonomous trading agents route through ICE's venues; data agents may route around its interfaces while still needing its licenses.
Execution agents must reach a regulated venue and clearinghouse, which strengthens ICE's toll position, but data agents can bypass ICE's front-ends and consume raw feeds, pressuring the value ICE charges for presentation.
API vs desktop revenue mix · Machine-driven share of ICE volumes · Consumption-based data pricing rollout
relevance 74 · confidence 68
Data Leverage does their data make AI better? 79
Loan-level mortgage records and the evaluated-pricing archive are genuinely model-relevant and exclusively held.
Black Knight and MERS-adjacent loan histories plus decades of observed fixed income inputs are the grounding data credit and rates models need, and they cannot be scraped.
New data licensing agreements announced · Loan-level data product launches · Restrictions on training-use licensing
relevance 80 · confidence 72
AI Margin Conversion do the AI savings become profit? 68
Real cost takeout available in data operations and mortgage services delivery, partly offset by competitive pass-through.
With gross margin near 56 percent and operating margin around 39 percent, the labor-intensive evaluated-pricing and mortgage servicing operations offer genuine automation headroom, but data pricing pressure will claw some of it back.
Operating margin above 40 percent · Headcount vs revenue per employee · Segment adjusted expense guidance
relevance 78 · confidence 68
Revenue Unit Durability does the thing they charge for survive? 72
Per-contract and per-loan meters are AI-proof; per-user data licensing is not.
Contract and loan counts are set by economic activity rather than by how many humans touch a screen, which is the ideal unit under automation - but enterprise data licenses priced against user populations shrink as agents replace analysts.
Revenue per closed loan trend · User-based data license renewals · Transaction vs recurring revenue mix
relevance 84 · confidence 74
Entrant Compression how easily can newcomers copy them? 56
The exchange and clearing franchise is effectively unassailable; the mortgage and analytics software is now cheap to attack.
Cheap development arms AI-native origination and fixed income analytics startups against ICE's software franchises, even as regulatory capital, liquidity and benchmark standing keep the exchange side closed.
Funded AI-native mortgage tech startups · Competitor wins at mid-tier lenders · Pricing concessions in data renewals
relevance 82 · confidence 70

AI Lens thesis

AI reaches ICE through three unrelated doors and they do not point the same way. The Exchanges door is nearly shut: the scarce asset is a liquidity pool and a regulated clearing guarantee, both of which get relatively more valuable as software becomes free, and algorithmic intensity feeds ICE's per-contract meter. The Fixed Income Data door is the ambiguous one: mandatory third-party valuation, index licensing and regulated benchmark administration are responsibility-transfer businesses AI cannot assume liability for, but the analytics and delivery layers sitting on top are exactly what cheap intelligence commoditizes, and agentic consumption threatens per-user licensing constructs. The Mortgage Technology door is where the real economics move: origination and servicing are legally exhaustive, document-saturated and labor-heavy, ICE bills per loan rather than per user, and it owns loan-level data plus the servicing system of record - so automation compresses cost without shrinking the billing unit, provided AI-native LOS entrants do not take share while ICE is monetizing the transition.

Thesis breaker A top-tier originator publicly replacing Encompass with an AI-native origination stack, or Data Services organic growth stalling below 3 percent as customers cancel derived-analytics and terminal-equivalent licenses - either would invalidate the shield read.
What the market may be underestimating

Upside ICE's loan-level mortgage and evaluated-pricing archives are licensable training and grounding assets for every model builder aiming at credit and fixed income - a new high-margin revenue line the market is not underwriting at all.

Downside Consumption-based agent access could quietly cannibalize enterprise data licenses whose value rested on human seat counts, and ICE has limited precedent for repricing that construct without customer pushback.

Outcome range spread 39

44Bear case
67Central case
83Bull case
Three headline numbers, deliberately never blended: Position (which way), Exposure (how much it matters at all), Confidence (how sure). The fingerprint asks every stock the same 11 questions so companies a sector label would lump together get told apart. Not an input to GEM/Coal or the Q/V/S lenses.
Claude Reading
Independent analyst synthesis · claude-opus-4-7 · generated 2026-08-11 00:59:47
Verdict Fairly valued near $150 with modest upward bias — synthesis' $127 fair value undercounts margin expansion and mix shift to recurring revenue; not a buy here, but not the 15% overvaluation the composite implies. Add below $135.

The raw trajectory is stronger than the "mature earner" label suggests. TTM revenue runs ~$13.4B (Q3'25 through Q2'26: $3.01+$3.14+$3.67+$3.61) versus $11.76B in FY24 — that's ~14% growth, not the low-single-digit utility the bear narrative describes. Net margin has expanded from 21.7% in Q3'24 to 26.5-38.5% in the last two quarters (Q1'26's 38.5% looks like a one-timer — likely an MSCI-related gain or tax benefit; strip it and normalized margin sits ~27%, still up 500bps YoY). Earnings CAGR of 18% on revenue CAGR of 13% is genuine operating leverage from the Black Knight integration, not narrative fluff. FCF of $4.29B on $84.5B market cap is a 5.1% FCF yield — not cheap, not egregious for a regulated duopoly with clearinghouse switching costs.

Where I diverge from the synthesis: the $120.81 composite fair value looks too punitive. It appears to anchor on trailing multiples without crediting the margin ramp or the mortgage-tech cross-sell that's finally materializing (Q1'26 revenue of $3.67B was a step-function, not noise — Q2 held $3.61B). At ~5% FCF yield growing 13%, a reasonable DCF with 8% discount and 3% terminal lands closer to $155-165, not $127. The Market Forces "cyclical peak" claim is the weakest link — ICE's revenue mix is now ~55% recurring data/mortgage/listings, so it's less cyclical than CME's transaction-heavy book. Calling this "priced for perfection" at 26x P/E when SPGI trades 35x and MCO trades 40x, on similar moat characteristics, ignores relative positioning. The narrative layer's $127-130 fundamental floor plus $20 moat premium feels roughly right, but I'd flip the split: fundamentals justify $140+, and only ~$10 is narrative.

The contrarian case worth taking seriously: leverage. $19.64B debt against $837M cash and $28.99B equity gives net debt/EBITDA ~2.8x — manageable but not trivial if rates stay elevated and refinancing hits. ROIC of 8.1% is unimpressive against a WACC likely 7-8%; the company is barely creating economic value on incremental capital, which is a real concern for a "compounder" thesis. The Black Knight deal (~$13B) is still digesting, and mortgage origination volume is macro-dependent — a 2026-27 housing stall would expose the goodwill. Insider activity shows five sales on 2026-07-16 totaling ~15,882 shares against option exercises of the same size; this is mechanical exercise-and-sell, not conviction selling, but there's zero open-market buying anywhere in the window. "Lagging sector peers" also deserves respect — if NDAQ and CME are outperforming, ICE-specific issues (mortgage tech drag, integration fatigue) may be real.

Net: I dissent partially from the fully_priced verdict. The synthesis is triangulating on stale multiples and underweighting the accelerating quarterly print ($3.01B → $3.61B in three quarters is not "moderating growth"). But I also can't call this undervalued at $150 with ROIC below 10% and net debt/EBITDA near 3x — a 15% pullback to $128 would be a table-pounder; here, it's a hold with a modest lean positive. Fair value ~$150-160, so current price sits inside the fair band rather than 15% above it as the composite claims. The right posture is fairly valued with an upward bias if Q3'26 confirms the margin structure at 27%+ ex-items. The bearish "priced for perfection" framing requires believing the last two quarters were flukes; the accelerating quarterly trend flag from Revenue Confidence contradicts that, and I side with the trend.

GPT Reading
Independent reading · gpt-5.4 · generated 2026-08-11 01:00:03
Verdict Fairly expensive at $150.54 — excellent franchise, but fair value looks closer to $130-$140 unless 2026 margins hold above 30% and FCF pushes past $5B.

ICE is earning its premium, but not this much of one. The raw business is excellent: 2025 revenue grew to $12.64B from $11.76B, operating income rose to $5.00B from $4.41B, and net income to $3.32B from $2.75B. That is not a stagnant exchange utility. The latest four quarters annualize to roughly $13.4B of revenue and about $4.0B of net income, implying the business has stepped up again in 2026 despite some quarterly lumpiness. Margins are structurally strong—2025 operating margin was 39.6% and net margin 26.2%—and free cash flow of $4.29B on just $373M of capex shows how little capital the franchise needs to sustain itself. This is exactly the kind of financial infrastructure asset that deserves to trade above the average market multiple.

What stands out, though, is that the market is already capitalizing ICE like a high-confidence compounder with cleaner growth than the reported cadence really shows. At $84.5B equity value and about $103B enterprise value after net debt, investors are paying about 6.7x trailing sales, 15.5x EBITDA, and 26x earnings for a company whose recent quarterly revenue pattern is solid but not explosive: $3.23B, $3.26B, $3.01B, $3.14B, then $3.67B and $3.61B. The step-up in 2026 is encouraging, but Q2 revenue was down sequentially and Q2 net margin fell sharply to 26.5% from 38.5% in Q1. Even if that Q1 margin was unusually high, it highlights that ICE is still a somewhat episodic earner rather than a perfectly smooth annuity. On the full-year numbers, revenue has compounded well since 2021, but part of the earnings story is recovery from depressed 2022 profitability: net income was $4.06B in 2021, collapsed to $1.45B in 2022, and only by 2025 reached $3.32B again. A premium multiple is fine; paying near-best-in-class multiples for a business still proving the steadiness of its newer mix is less fine.

The balance sheet and return profile reinforce that this is quality, but not a screaming bargain. Debt of $19.64B against only $837M of cash is manageable because cash generation is strong, yet it limits the case for a much richer valuation absent faster growth. Debt-to-equity at 0.68 is acceptable, but not trivial for a company yielding only 1.3%. Return on equity of 11.4% and ROIC of 8.1% are good, not exceptional enough on their own to justify paying almost 3.0x book and over 8x EV/revenue. If I normalize the business around $4.3B-$4.7B of annual free cash flow, the stock is trading around a 5.1%-5.6% FCF yield before any real margin of safety. For an exchange/data asset with strong moat characteristics, that is defensible. For one facing modest macro headwinds and not obviously reaccelerating into double-digit organic growth, it looks full.

The best case against my skepticism is straightforward: ICE has quietly put together better growth than the “mature earner” label implies. Revenue went from $9.90B in 2023 to $11.76B in 2024 to $12.64B in 2025, and the last two reported quarters of 2026 are both above any quarter in 2025. Net income in Q2 2026 was up 12.6% year over year, and Q1 2026 was up 76.9%, so the earnings base may be inflecting more positively than the headline valuation suggests. A buyer can also argue that comparing ICE to ordinary financials is wrong: this is regulated market plumbing with recurring data and clearing economics, and those assets rarely get cheap. If the mix keeps shifting toward higher-quality data, index, and workflow revenue, today’s 26x earnings could prove entirely reasonable. I weigh that argument lower because the reported return metrics and quarterly margin volatility still look more like a premium cyclical-infrastructure hybrid than a true software-like compounding machine.

What would change my mind is not another narrative about moats; it is evidence that the moat is translating into a higher, steadier earnings base. If ICE can deliver the next two quarters at or above roughly $3.6B revenue with net margins holding above 30% rather than slipping back into the mid-20s, then a $150 stock starts to look supported by a sustainable ~$4.5B+ run-rate in earnings power. I would also get more constructive if free cash flow moves decisively above $5B annually without leverage rising, or if management shows that 2026’s step-up is organic and durable rather than event-driven. Absent that, I think the stock deserves to trade closer to the high-$120s to high-$130s than the current $150.54.

Grok Reading
Independent reading · grok-4.5 · generated 2026-08-11 01:00:38
Verdict Overvalued at $150.54; quality FCF compounder but ~15–18% rich vs ~$128–135 fundamental value on 8% ROIC and decelerating growth

The numbers describe a high-quality franchise that has already been paid for. ICE printed $12.64B of 2025 revenue and $4.29B of free cash flow on only $373M of capex, with operating margins near 40% and net margins at 26%. The multi-year step-up from the $9.6–9.9B revenue base of 2022–23 into the $11.8–12.6B range is real, and trailing earnings CAGR of 18% has outrun the 13% revenue CAGR, so operating leverage is still working. But the most recent quarterly run-rate tells a quieter story: revenue is oscillating in a $3.0–3.7B band with only ~7.5% recent YoY growth, and the $1.41B net-income spike in the March 2026 quarter (38.5% margin) is an outlier against a more normal $800–950M quarterly earnings level. Strip that one-timer and you have a mid-to-high-single-digit top-line grower throwing off excellent cash, not an acceleration story.

What stands out against the valuation models is the capital return profile. ROIC sits at 8.1% and ROE at 11.4% while the stock clears a 26x P/E, 15.5x EV/EBITDA, and 8.3x EV/sales. That is a premium multiple on mid-teens returns on capital, financed with $19.6B of debt against $837M of cash and a current ratio of barely 1.0. The composite fair-value work at roughly $128 is directionally right: at $150.54 the market is embedding roughly an 18% narrative premium for clearing stickiness and data/index optionality on top of steady FCF. That premium is not crazy given the oligopoly structure, but it leaves almost no margin if mortgage-tech contribution (the Black Knight layer that juiced the 2024 revenue jump) normalizes or if exchange volumes mean-revert under the flagged macro headwinds. Secondary signals already show the stock lagging sector peers; the multiple is doing the heavy lifting that growth no longer is.

The strongest case against calling this overvalued is the cash-flow durability and the peer framing. FCF quality is unambiguously strong, conversion from operating cash is excellent, and a regulated clearing-plus-data platform with high switching costs can sustain mid-20s earnings multiples when rates and volatility cooperate. Relative to SPGI at ~35x, ICE looks like the cheaper infrastructure compounder; the 13% revenue and 13% FCF CAGRs are not “utility” numbers, and net margins have expanded from the low-20s toward 26% as the mix shifts. A bull can fairly argue that $4.3B of annual FCF against an $84.5B equity value, plus a 1.3% dividend and continued data monetization, supports a mid-teens EV/EBITDA floor and that the $128 composite is too punitive on a through-cycle basis. Insider activity is noise (option exercises and modest sales), not a tell. That case is real—it just requires the 7–8% growth and margin structure to hold while the market keeps paying for the platform-monopoly narrative.

I still weigh the other side more heavily because ROIC in the 8% range does not justify a perfection multiple when leverage is elevated and growth has already decelerated from the acquisition-fueled years. The fundamentals can carry something closer to $125–135; the remaining $15–25 is story. What would flip me is sustained quarterly revenue above $3.8–4.0B with net margins holding above 28% (proving the data/mortgage stack is compounding, not one-off), a clear path to ROIC above 12%, or a multiple compression into the low-20s P/E / ~13x EV/EBITDA that re-opens a margin of safety. Conversely, two consecutive quarters of sub-5% revenue growth or FCF falling under $3.5B annualized would confirm the premium is simply wrong.

Big-3 Panel — where each AI stands
Each AI above independently stated a direction (undervalued, fairly valued, or overvalued) and how strongly it believes it (conviction, 0–5). We combine those into a Bull-Bear Index on a 0–10 scale: 5 is neutral, 10 is maximum bullish (undervalued at full conviction), 0 is maximum bearish. We compute the score ourselves with the same arithmetic for every seat — the models never grade their own bullishness — so the three are directly comparable. Δ shows how far each seat sits from the panel average of 3.0; a large Δ marks the dissenting voice, usually the one worth reading.
Claude claude-opus-4-7 5.0
fairly valued · conviction 3/5 · Δ +2.0 vs panel · self: 6.0
GPT gpt-5.4 2.0
overvalued · conviction 3/5 · Δ -1.0 vs panel · self: 4.0
Grok grok-4.5 2.0
overvalued · conviction 3/5 · Δ -1.0 vs panel · self: 3.0
Advanced Analysis Forensic deep-dive · separate lenses
Separate reads — Company Quality (is it a great business?), Valuation (is it mispriced?), and General Sentiment (how macro + narrative are pushing it), plus AI Impact (how the AI wave reshapes it), kept deliberately apart · 2026-08-11 01:26:55
Delvantic - Cairn AI
Quality — wait for a dip 8/10
Elite exchange-and-data franchise trading ~18% above fair value; great business, wrong price, so I wait for $125-135 to act.
The cruxWhether I get a 10-15% drawdown to reset the entry — the business quality is not in doubt, the price is.
Forensic checks Derived mechanically from ICE's filed financials — not from the AI lenses
Liquidity & RunwaySelf-Funding
DilutionStable Share Count
Earnings QualityGood Earnings Quality
The four lensesswitch a tab for its full read — score + evidence
Company Quality
+69
Strong
edge √Σ 145 · risk √Σ 60 · conf 8/10

Intercontinental Exchange is a mature earner running at scale: revenue climbed from 9.17B in 2021 to 12.64B in 2025 (about 8% CAGR), gross margin sits at 55-57%, and operating margin holds near 38-40%. Net income recovered from a 2022 dip (1.45B, likely a one-off charge given OCF/NI 1.56x) to 3.32B in 2025, while FCF grew steadily to 4.29B. Earnings quality is clean: accruals -0.8% of assets, Beneish M -2.45, and OCF comfortably above net income all point to real cash earnings, not paper. Capital discipline is genuine - diluted share CAGR of 0.4% with buybacks running about 2x SBC (1.9% of revenue), so per-share value is protected. The main structural concern is leverage: net debt of roughly 18.8B against only 837M in liquid cash, with 1.04B of short-term debt exceeding cash on hand. Altman Z of 0.9 flags distress on the model, but that model is calibrated for asset-heavy manufacturers, not toll-booth exchange operators with contractual data revenue and 4.3B annual FCF - the debt is comfortably serviceable at these cash flow levels. Insider activity is neutral: routine option-exercise-and-sell by one officer, no directional signal. Overall this is a durable, wide-moat financial-infrastructure business whose only real quality knock is the leveraged capital structure inherited from ICE's acquisition history (NYSE, IDC, Ellie Mae, Black Knight).

Strengths 5
m78
Elite and stable margins at scale
Operating margin 37.5-40% across 5 years on 12.64B revenue in 2025; gross margin 54-57%. Consistent with a toll-booth franchise with real pricing power.
m75
Strong, growing free cash flow
FCF rose from 2.94B (2021) to 4.29B (2025) with OCF/NI at 1.56x - earnings are backed by cash, not accruals.
m62
Disciplined share count
Diluted shares up just 0.4% CAGR (565M to 574M); SBC only 1.9% of revenue and buybacks run 2.04x SBC - per-share value is being protected.
m55
Clean earnings-quality signature
Accruals -0.8% of assets, Beneish M -2.45, OCF/NI 1.56x - no signs of aggressive accounting.
m50
Steady top-line growth
Revenue compounded from 9.17B to 12.64B (about 8%/yr), with a step-up in 2024 consistent with Black Knight integration.
Concerns 3
m55
Leveraged balance sheet
Net debt roughly 18.8B against only 837M liquid cash; 1.04B short-term debt exceeds cash. Serviceable at 4.3B FCF but leaves no cushion for shocks or rate resets.
m20
Altman Z in distress zone (weak signal)
Z of 0.9 flags model-based distress, but the model is miscalibrated for asset-light exchange operators - contextual weight is limited.
m15
2022 earnings dip unexplained here
Net income fell to 1.45B in 2022 despite revenue growth and stable OpM 38.7% - likely a non-cash impairment or acquisition charge, worth confirming.
This is a high-quality financial-infrastructure business - the kind that earns recurring, contractual revenue at 39% operating margins and converts it to cash almost dollar-for-dollar. The margins, buyback discipline, and clean accrual signature are what I want to see. The one honest blemish is leverage: 18.8B of net debt is real and constrains optionality, though 4.3B of annual FCF makes it comfortably serviceable. Insider selling is routine option-exercise mechanics, not a signal. I'd call this Strong, sitting somewhere in the high-70s to low-80s on the frame - not fortress because of the balance sheet, but structurally durable and well-run.
Verify before trusting this (5)
  • Debt maturity ladder and weighted-average interest rate on the 18.8B gross debt stack
  • Nature of the 2022 net income drop (impairment, acquisition costs, or fair-value marks)
  • Revenue mix between transaction (cyclical) and recurring data/mortgage-tech (stable), and Mortgage Technology segment profitability post-Black Knight
  • Customer/counterparty concentration in the exchange and clearing businesses
  • Any covenants tied to leverage ratios given the elevated debt load
Valuation / Mispricing
-67
Rich
edge √Σ 18 · risk √Σ 99 · conf 7/10
Price $150.54 vs deserved ~$121-128, so the stock trades ~18-25% above fair value - a negative margin of safety of roughly 15-18%. attractive below $125.00

The composite fair value lands at $120.81 and the signal-adjusted FV at $127.58, implying roughly 15-18% downside from today's $150.54. The DCF ($132.62) is the most generous cash-flow method and still sits ~12% below spot; the anchored P/E of $153.39 essentially matches price, meaning the market is already paying the peer/history multiple in full. The EPV floor of $64.59 is a runaway low-side scenario (no-growth steady state) and should be treated as a downside anchor, not a target.

Cheap signals 1
m18
Quality earnings deserve a premium
39% operating margins, clean accruals, ~$4.3B FCF and duopoly positioning legitimately deserve a premium multiple - which is why this is 'rich' not 'overvalued', and why EPV $64.59 is not a realistic target.
Rich / priced-in 4
m62
Composite FV ~15-18% below price
Composite $120.81 and signal-adjusted $127.58 both sit meaningfully below the $150.54 quote; even the friendliest method (anchored P/E $153.39) only matches price.
m55
DCF says fair, not cheap
DCF FV $132.62 vs price $150.54 = ~12% downside. Cash flows are strong but already reflected; buyer today is underwriting continued multiple support.
m45
Priced for narrative expansion
Bear case flags that the ~18% premium requires AI-analytics / crypto-infra optionality to materialize. That is a hope, not a cash flow.
m30
Leverage caps the deserved multiple
$18.8B net debt is real; in a higher-rate world this compresses the multiple ceiling that would otherwise justify today's price.
This is a textbook 'great business, full price' situation. At $150.54 I am paying above every serious fair-value method except the anchored multiple, which just tells me the market already gives ICE its historical premium. The quality lens is right that it deserves a premium - I just do not want to pay the premium and the narrative on top. I need this closer to $125 (roughly the signal-adjusted FV) before the risk-reward tilts my way. Until then, fairly-to-richly valued and I sit out.
Verify before trusting this (4)
  • Organic (ex-M&A) revenue growth in Exchanges vs Fixed Income & Data Services segments
  • Clearing margin/regulatory commentary in next call
  • Capital return pace vs debt paydown - management's stated leverage target
  • Mortgage Technology segment inflection or continued drag
General Sentiment
+24
Tailwind
tail √Σ 76 · head √Σ 51 · conf 6/10

The tape is mildly risk-on (regime score +47, VIX 15.5, S&P near highs) and ICE's 0.93 beta means it fully participates without the whiplash a high-beta name would take. More importantly for THIS stock, the narrative is working: a durable platform-monopoly story with moderate intensity is exactly the kind of framing that holds up in a calm-but-not-euphoric tape, since money is rotating toward quality infrastructure rather than chasing high-beta stories. July operating metrics (ADV +25% YoY, open interest +18%) give the bulls a fresh, concrete data point to point at, and the Mortgage Monitor headline reinforces the data-monopoly angle.

Tailwinds 3
m45
Durable platform-monopoly narrative in a risk-on tape
Moderate-intensity, durable narrative aligns well with a calm risk-on regime; quality-infrastructure stories get bid steadily when VIX is low and indices are near highs.
m50
Fresh volume/OI print reinforces the story
ADV +25% YoY and OI +18% in July gives the bull narrative a concrete, current data point - exactly the kind of headline that lets analysts defend the premium multiple.
m35
Low beta cushions macro headwinds
Beta 0.93 and a defensive exchange/data profile mean the 10y at 4.65% and PE-26 market backdrop press lightly here versus high-multiple growth names.
Headwinds 3
m40
'Above fair value' analyst framing
Two recent pieces explicitly flag ICE as at/above intrinsic value; this caps upside enthusiasm and invites profit-taking on any wobble, even without a fundamental crack.
m25
Momentum cooling vs long-term trend
Recent 7.5% return trailing the 13% CAGR suggests the tape is not aggressively rewarding the name right now - a mild drag, not a break.
m20
Regulatory/crypto policy noise
CLARITY Act uncertainty and Kalshi/NY crackdown chatter is a low-grade overhang for exchange operators broadly, though ICE's exposure is indirect.
Net pressure leans up but not hard. The risk-on tape plus a durable, working narrative plus a genuinely helpful volume print outweigh the 'stretched valuation' analyst mumbling and generic rate drag - especially given the 0.93 beta insulates this name from macro chop. This is a steady grinder tailwind, the kind that lifts the stock quietly rather than a narrative surge. If the tape flipped risk-off or the volume story cracked, I'd flip to Balanced quickly, but right now the wind is at its back.
Verify before trusting this (4)
  • Whether analyst target revisions follow the strong July volume print upward or stay anchored on 'above fair value'
  • Any softening in ADV/OI in the August print that would puncture the growth-narrative refresh
  • Rotation out of quality-infrastructure into higher-beta cyclicals if the risk-on regime intensifies (would mute this tailwind)
  • CLARITY Act progression and any direct read-through to ICE's clearing/data segments
The market-wide tape + this name's exposure to it (beta / sector / narrative durability). Context on the non-fundamental pressure — not a call on the business or the price. processId: detail-general-sentiment
AI Impact
+50
Favorable - the shield holds, mortgage tech is the swing
opp √Σ 141 · thr √Σ 0 · conf 7/10

AI reaches ICE through three unrelated doors and they do not point the same way. The Exchanges door is nearly shut: the scarce asset is a liquidity pool and a regulated clearing guarantee, both of which get relatively more valuable as software becomes free, and algorithmic intensity feeds ICE's per-contract meter. The Fixed Income Data door is the ambiguous one: mandatory third-party valuation, index licensing and regulated benchmark administration are responsibility-transfer businesses AI cannot assume liability for, but the analytics and delivery layers sitting on top are exactly what cheap intelligence commoditizes, and agentic consumption threatens per-user licensing constructs. The Mortgage Technology door is where the real economics move: origination and servicing are legally exhaustive, document-saturated and labor-heavy, ICE bills per loan rather than per user, and it owns loan-level data plus the servicing system of record - so automation compresses cost without shrinking the billing unit, provided AI-native LOS entrants do not take share while ICE is monetizing the transition.

AI opportunities 10
m62
Underlying Need Persistence
Hedging, price discovery, mandatory bond valuation and mortgage origination all persist regardless of AI.
m45
Solution Persistence
Central-limit-order-book plus clearinghouse survives intact; the LOS and analytics form factors are the parts that can be rebuilt.
m26
Intelligence Commoditization
Cheap intelligence mostly powers ICE's workflow products but commoditizes the analytics wrapper around its data.
m54
Responsibility Transfer
Much of ICE's revenue is payment for assuming liability no AI system can hold.
m60
Scarcity Migration
Liquidity, netting pools, benchmark ownership and servicing-of-record become rarer as code becomes free.
m36
Customer DIY Preference
No one internalizes a clearinghouse or an independent valuation, but the largest lenders can and do build origination tech.
m37
AI Intermediation Position
Autonomous trading agents route through ICE's venues; data agents may route around its interfaces while still needing its licenses.
m46
Data Leverage
Loan-level mortgage records and the evaluated-pricing archive are genuinely model-relevant and exclusively held.
m28
AI Margin Conversion
Real cost takeout available in data operations and mortgage services delivery, partly offset by competitive pass-through.
m37
Revenue Unit Durability
Per-contract and per-loan meters are AI-proof; per-user data licensing is not.
AI threats 0

None surfaced.

ICE is priced as a mature exchange utility while its most AI-levered asset - a per-loan-billed mortgage software franchise sitting on top of the most labor-heavy workflow in finance - is where AI quietly widens margins for ICE rather than for its customers. Position 69 with exposure only 52 understates the asymmetry: scarcity migration at 85 and responsibility transfer at 83 mean the exchange and valuation businesses are structurally immune, so the whole distribution is decided by Mortgage Technology, where entrant compression at 56 is the only real hole. The unlock is revenue per closed loan and per loan serviced rising as ICE embeds automation - that is the number to track quarter by quarter, ahead of any commentary. The kill switch is a top-25 originator publicly leaving Encompass for an AI-native stack, or Data Services organic growth breaking below 3 percent as agentic access reprices user-count licenses.
Verify before trusting this (8)
  • Open interest concentration at ICE
  • Index AUM licensed to ICE benchmarks
  • MSP loans under service count
  • Revenue per closed loan trend
  • User-based data license renewals
  • Transaction vs recurring revenue mix
  • Benchmark administration authorizations
  • Clearing member default fund adequacy
The structural effect of the AI wave on this specific business over the next ~5 years — demand, cost leverage, moat, barriers to entry, position in the AI stack. The reality beneath the AI story, not the story's market pressure (General Sentiment owns that) — and not a call on the business today or the price.
Growth Outlook
not run

This lens hasn't been run for this ticker yet.

The forward growth verdict — is the business itself likely to grow (next 2 quarters / year 1 / years 2–3), judged against its category and against printed expectations. The full horizon ladder + creme renders on the Growth Outlook card above. Not a call on the price (Valuation owns that) or the tape (Sentiment owns that).
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Lenses kept deliberately separate — Company Quality (price-agnostic), Valuation (price-conditional), General Sentiment (non-fundamental macro/narrative pressure), AI Impact (structural ~5yr AI exposure), and Growth Outlook (the forward growth verdict). The scores are not blended. Filing-level items (convertibles, lock-ups, customer concentration) are v2 — see each lens's "verify."
Price Prediction
About flat -3.3% v0.6.0 View full prediction →

When we made this prediction on Aug 11, 2026, ICE was $150.54. We expect it to be $145.50 by Feb 2027, and we consider it great value under $125.00. This is an early model (v0.6.0) — the direction is more reliable than the exact price. Made Aug 11, 2026.

Price when predicted$150.54
Our estimate for Feb 2027$145.50-3.3%
Great value below$125.00
Price history shown (6 Months)

Blue is our prediction, starting the day we made it. Grey is a slower route to the same place — the same destination, taking longer. Black is the actual price, so you can see how we are doing.

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My Notes personal — only you see this
v1.1.562 · 9b2927c4 · 2026-08-22 16:52:06